Ecological Comparisons of Sedimentary ShoresKarsten Reise Springer Science & Business Media, 2001 - Broj stranica: 384 I Suspension Feeders in Coastal Mud and Sand.- 1 Benthic Suspension Feeders as Determinants of Ecosystem Structure and Function in Shallow Coastal Waters.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Reefs and Beds.- 1.2.1 Bivalve Molluscs (Bivalvia).- 1.2.2 Vermetids (Gastropoda).- 1.2.3 Sabellids (Polychaeta).- 1.2.4 Serpulids (Polychaeta).- 1.3 Encrustations.- 1.4 Species Groups.- 1.5 Discussion.- References.- 2 Dynamics of Spatial and Temporal Complexity in European and North American Soft-Bottom Mussel Beds.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 The Dynamic Nature of Mussel-Bed Structure.- 2.3 Quantifying Mussel-Bed Structure Using Fractal Geometry.- 2.4 Effects of Mussel Beds on Soft-Bottom Community Structure.- 2.5 Mechanisms of Mussel-Bed Impacts on Soft-Bottom Community Structure.- 2.6 Top-Down vs. Bottom-Up Control of Soft-Bottom Mussel-Bed Community Structure.- 2.7 Conclusions.- References.- 3 Suspension Feeders on Sandy Beaches.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Beach Morphodynamic Types vs. Community Structure of the Macroinfauna.- 3.3 Beach Morphodynamic Types and Abundances and Population Biology of E. analoga.- 3.4 Tidal Movements and Burrowing Behaviour.- 3.5 Across-and Along-Shore Zonation.- 3.6 Conclusions.- 3.6 References.- 4 Switching Between Deposit and Suspension Feeding in Coastal Zoobenthos.- 4.1 Overview.- 4.1.1 Polychaetes.- 4.1.2 Echinoderms.- 4.1.3 Bivalves.- 4.1.4 Amphipods.- 4.1.5 Soft Corals.- 4.1.6 Most Examples Among Passive Suspension Feeders.- 4.1.7 Adaptation to Suspension Feeding.- 4.2 Example I: Switching to Suspension Feeding in Nereis diversicolor.- 4.2.1 Suspension-Feeding Behaviour.- 4.2.2 Mucus-Net and Particle-Retention Efficiency.- 4.2.3 Filtration Rates.- 4.2.4 Energy Cost of Pumping.- 4.2.5 Adaptation to Suspension Feeding.- 4.2.6 Time Spent on Suspension Feeding.- 4.2.7 Phytoplankton Reduction in Near-Bottom Water.- 4.3 Example II: Switching to Suspension Feeding in Macoma balthica.- 4.3.1 Switching to Suspension Feeding.- 4.3.2 Current Velocity.- 4.3.3 Food Availability.- 4.3.4 Feeding on Siphon Tips.- 4.3.5 Protection Against Lethal Predation.- 4.4 Conclusions.- References.- II Biogenic Stabilization and Disturbances in Coastal Sediments.- 5 Microphytobenthos in Contrasting Coastal Ecosystems: Biology and Dynamics.- 5.1 Contrasting Shores.- 5.2 The Microphytobenthos.- 5.3 Physical and Biological Sediment Properties.- 5.3.1 Sediment Types and Stability.- 5.3.2 Physical Dynamics.- 5.4 Redefining Intertidal Sediments - The Five Phases of Depositional Environments.- 5.5 Comparative Biodiversity.- 5.5.1 Non-cohesive Sediments.- 5.5.2 Cohesive Sediments.- 5.5.3 Niche Diversity.- 5.6 Sediment Stability.- 5.7 Conceptual Model.- 5.8 Conclusions.- References.- 6 Sediment Dynamics by Bioturbating Organisms.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 History of Bioturbation Research.- 6.3 Types of Bioturbation.- 6.3.1 Crawling and Dwelling Traces.- 6.3.2 Deposit Feeders.- 6.3.3 Larger Predators and Grazers.- 6.4 Seasonal Variation.- 6.5 Latitudinal Variation.- 6.6 Changes in Historical Times.- 6.7 Conclusions.- References.- 7 Competitive Bioturbators on Intertidal Sand Flats in the European Wadden Sea and Ariake Sound in Japan.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Large Bioturbators.- 7.3 Lugworms in the Wadden Sea.- 7.4 Effects of Lugworms on the Benthic Community.- 7.5 Ghost Shrimps in the Ariake Sound Estuarine System in Japan.- 7.6 Effects of the Ghost Shrimp Expansion and Decline.- 7.6.1 Effects on Sediment Properties.- 7.6.2 Effects on Invertebrates.- 7.7 Comparisons Between Biogeographic Regions.- References.- 8 Biological and Physical Processes That Affect Saltmarsh Erosion and Saltmarsh Restoration: Development of Hypotheses.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Managed Realignment.- 8.2.1 Physical Factors.- 8.2.2 Biological Factors.- 8.2.2.1 Effects of the Flora.- 8.2.2.2 Effects of Invertebrates.- 8.3 Managing Sediment Accretion and Development of Saltmarsh Vegetation in Managed Realignment Sites.- 8.3.1 Physical Factors.- 8.3.2 Biological Factors.- 8.4 Loss of S... |
Sadržaj
Benthic Suspension Feeders as Determinants of Ecosystem Structure and Function in Shallow Coastal Waters | 11 |
12 Reefs and Beds | 12 |
122 Vermetids Gastropoda | 21 |
123 Sabellids Polychaeta | 22 |
124 Serpulids Polychaeta | 23 |
13 Encrustations | 24 |
15 Discussion | 26 |
References | 31 |
Seagrasses and Benthic Fauna of Sediment Shores | 193 |
Common Structures and Properties of Seagrass Beds Fringing the Coasts of the World | 195 |
93 Structure of the Seagrass Community | 199 |
94 Seagrass Production | 202 |
95 Seagrass Dynamics | 204 |
96 Worldwide Decline of Seagrass Beds | 205 |
97 Conclusions | 208 |
The Leaf Canopy of Seagrass Beds Faunal Community Structure and Function in a Salinity Gradient Along the Swedish Coast | 213 |
Dynamics of Spatial and Temporal Complexity in European and North American SoftBottom Mussel Beds | 39 |
22 The Dynamic Nature of MusselBed Structure | 40 |
23 Quantifying MusselBed Structure Using Fractal Geometry | 44 |
24 Effects of Mussel Beds on SoftBottom Community Structure | 46 |
25 Mechanisms of MusselBed Impacts on SoftBottom Community Structure | 50 |
26 TopDown vs BottomUp Control of SoftBottom Mussel Bed Community Structure | 52 |
27 Conclusions | 54 |
Suspension Feeders on Sandy Beaches | 61 |
32 Beach Morphodynamic Types vs Community Structure of the Macroinfauna | 64 |
33 Beach Morphodynamic Types and Abundances and Population Biology of E analoga | 67 |
34 Tidal Movements and Burrowing Behavior | 68 |
36 Conclusions | 70 |
References | 71 |
Switching Between Deposit and Suspension Feeding in Coastal Zoobenthos | 73 |
411 Polychaetes | 75 |
412 Echinoderms | 80 |
413 Bivalves | 81 |
414 Amphipods | 82 |
415 Soft Corals | 83 |
416 Most Examples Among Passive Suspension Feeders | 84 |
Switching to Suspension Feeding in Nereis diversicolor | 85 |
421 SuspensionFeeding Behaviour | 86 |
423 Filtration Rates | 87 |
425 Adaptation to Suspension Feeding | 88 |
427 Phytoplankton Reduction in NearBottom Water | 89 |
Switching to Suspension Feeding in Macoma balthica | 90 |
431 Switching to Suspension Feeding | 91 |
432 Current Velocity | 92 |
434 Feeding on Siphon Tips | 94 |
44 Conclusions | 95 |
Biogenic Stabilization and Disturbances in Coastal Sediments | 103 |
Microphytobenthos in Contrasting Coastal Ecosystems Biology and Dynamics | 105 |
53 Physical and Biological Sediment Properties | 107 |
532 Physical Dynamics | 109 |
54 Redefining Intertidal Sediments The Five Phases of Depositional Environments | 112 |
55 Comparative Biodiversity | 113 |
551 Noncohesive Sediments | 114 |
552 Cohesive Sediments | 115 |
553 Niche Diversity | 116 |
56 Sediment Stability | 118 |
57 Conceptual Model | 119 |
58 Conclusions | 121 |
Sediment Dynamics by Bioturbating Organisms | 127 |
62 History of Bioturbation Research | 130 |
63 Types of Bioturbation | 132 |
632 Deposit Feeders | 133 |
633 Larger Predators and Grazers | 134 |
64 Seasonal Variation | 138 |
65 Latitudinal Variation | 139 |
66 Changes in Historical Times | 141 |
67 Conclusions | 142 |
References | 143 |
Competitive Bioturbators on Intertidal Sand Flats in the European Wadden Sea and Ariake Sound in Japan | 149 |
72 Large Bioturbators | 150 |
73 Lugworms in the Wadden Sea | 151 |
74 Effects of Lugworms on the Benthic Community | 153 |
75 Ghost Shrimps in the Ariake Sound Estuarine System in Japan | 158 |
76 Effects of the Ghost Shrimp Expansion and Decline | 163 |
762 Effects on Invertebrates | 164 |
77 Comparisons Between Biogeographic Regions | 165 |
References | 168 |
Biological and Physical Processes That Affect Saltmarsh Erosion and Saltmarsh Restoration Development of Hypotheses | 173 |
82 Managed Realignment | 178 |
822 Biological Factors | 179 |
8222 Effects of Invertebrates | 180 |
83 Managing Sediment Accretion and Development of Saltmarsh Vegetation in Managed Realignment Sites | 182 |
832 Biological Factors | 183 |
84 Loss of Saltmarsh Vegetation by Lateral Erosion of Creeks | 185 |
85 Managing Reduction of Lateral Creek Erosion | 187 |
86 Conclusions | 189 |
References | 190 |
1012 Aims of the Study | 214 |
102 Features of the Study Area | 215 |
1022 Physical Settings and Substrate Characteristics | 217 |
103 Methods | 219 |
1032 Predators | 220 |
1042 Leaf Fauna | 222 |
1043 Couplings Between Leaf Fauna and Infauna | 227 |
1044 Predators | 228 |
105 Concluding Remarks | 230 |
References | 231 |
Energy Flow in Benthic Assemblages of Tidal Basins Ria Formosa Portugal and SyltRømø Bay North Sea Compared | 237 |
112 Description of the Sites | 239 |
113 Material and Methods | 241 |
1132 Secondary Production | 242 |
114 Production | 243 |
1142 Secondary Production | 245 |
115 Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycle | 248 |
References | 251 |
SoftBottom Fauna of a Tropical Banc dArguin Mauritania and a Temperate Juist Area German North Sea Coast Intertidal Area | 255 |
122 Areas Materials and Methods | 256 |
123 Results | 260 |
1232 Faunal Inventories | 261 |
124 Discussion | 268 |
References | 272 |
Tropical Tidal Flat Benthos Compared Between Australia and Central America | 275 |
132 Tropical Tidal Flats in Australia and Central America | 277 |
133 Species Diversity and Abundance | 279 |
1332 Similarity in Taxonomic Compositions | 281 |
1333 Individual Abundances | 282 |
134 Community Structure and Distribution | 284 |
1343 Species Interactions | 286 |
13432 Repressive Interactions | 288 |
135 Conclusions | 289 |
References | 290 |
Structural Dynamics and Trophic Supplies to Sedimentary Shores | 295 |
Recovery Dynamics in Benthic Communities Balancing Detail with Simplification | 297 |
142 Searching for Generality Part I | 299 |
143 Some General Mechanisms Influencing Recovery | 301 |
1433 Mobility | 302 |
1435 Biotic Interactions | 303 |
144 Searching for Generality Part II | 304 |
145 Critical Scales of Disturbance and Recovery Dynamics | 306 |
a Useful Tool for Assessing BroadScale and Cumulative Effects? | 309 |
The Need To Improve the Information Base | 310 |
References | 311 |
Population Dynamics of Benthic Species on Tidal Flats the Possible Roles of Shorebird Predation | 317 |
a LongTerm Study | 319 |
154 LongTerm Variability in Production and Consumption at the Balgzand | 320 |
155 DensityDependent Survival? | 324 |
156 Recruitment and the Regulation of Populations | 326 |
157 The Scale of Population Studies | 329 |
159 Conclusions | 330 |
References | 332 |
Experimental Approaches to Integrating Production Structure and Dynamics in Sediment Communities | 337 |
162 Effects of Production Subsidies on Food Chain Dynamics | 340 |
1621 Effects of Subsidised Primary Producers | 341 |
1622 Effects of Subsidised Predators | 343 |
1631 Constraint Space Plots | 344 |
1632 Biomass Size Spectra | 345 |
164 Production and Biodiversity | 347 |
165 Conclusions | 350 |
Comparative Ecology of Sedimentary Shores | 357 |
Biogenic Stabilization and Disturbances | 361 |
Seagrasses and the Benthic Fauna | 364 |
Dynamic Structures and Trophic Supplies | 367 |
General Conclusions | 369 |
References | 371 |
Species Index | 373 |
379 | |
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abundance algae amphipod Arenicola marina Asmus assemblages Australia Banc d'Arguin benthic benthic communities Berlin Heidelberg Beukema JJ biomass bioturbation bivalve burrowing Cadée coast coastal Corophium crabs creeks density deposit feeders diatoms distribution disturbance dominant Dutch Wadden Sea dynamics ecological ecosystem edule eelgrass effects erosion estuary Exp Mar Biol feeding flow ghost shrimp habitat increase infaunal interactions intertidal invertebrates Juist area lagoon lugworm Macoma balthica macrobenthic macrofauna Mar Biol Ecol Mar Ecol Prog marine marsh microphytobenthos mussel beds Mytilus edulis Nereis diversicolor Neth J Sea numbers nutrient organisms particles phytoplankton polychaete population predation processes production Raffaelli reefs Reise Ria Formosa Ria Formosa lagoon salinity saltmarsh sand flat sandy beaches Sea Res seagrass seagrass beds sediment sediment surface sedimentary shores shorebirds soft-bottom spatial species studies subtidal suspension feeders suspension-feeding Tamaki tidal flats tropical tidal flats Wadden Sea Wolff zone Zostera marina