The Law of War and Neutrality at Sea

1949 Convention acts aerial warfare apply armed forces Article attack bellig belligerent merchant vessels belligerent right belligerent warships belligerent's blockade Britain British capture cargo circumstances conduct conflict considered contraband crew Declaration of London Declaration of Paris defense effect enemy character enemy destination enemy merchant vessels enemy vessels German governing Hague Convention hospital ships hostilities impartiality international law latter Law of Naval law of war liable measures military necessity naval forces Naval War College Naval Warfare navicert neutral merchant vessels neutral ports neutral trade neutral vessels neutral waters non-participants obligation operations parties passage permitted position practice prevent principle prisoners prisoners of war prize courts prize law prohibition reason regulating reprisals resort respect restrictions rules Security Council seized seizure shipwrecked status submarine territorial waters tion traditional law U. S. Naval United Nations unlawful unneutral service violation visit and search war crimes World War II wounded zones