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producing a most charming effect. This is the best development of the process; it occurs in the shrines of St. Taurin, St. Romain, and in many others; the founder's plate at New College, Oxford, also presents traces of it.

In early jewellery we often find a very curious kind of work consisting of a number of little cells formed by means of gold ribbons, like in cloissonné enamels. These cells are filled up with pieces of garnet cut into thin slices, or even with thin red glass.

This is hardly the place to enter into the subject of enamelling which played so great a part in mediæval plate, but I can only remark that transparent enamels accord very much better with the precious metals than the opaque ones, and that the approved way of using both enamels and jewels in the early part of the Middle Ages was, as we are told y Theophilus, to set them alternately, often with filagree in the interstices.

Of course the gold and silver smiths frequently availed them selves of casting the smaller parts and finishing them up wit the burin, but, as far as I have been able to ascertain, figures of any size were either bossed up or plated upon wood. The latter plan was seldom used, and is not very satisfactory; see the shrine of St. Taurin at Evreux.

Now let us see a few of the uses to which the Church applied the labours of the goldsmith. First of all there was the chalice of which it was de rigueur that the bowl should be of silver whatever the rest might be. It is for this reason in ancien examples that we so often see the bowl of a later date. The mediæval chalice can be deduced in clear gradation from th antique vase. Thus the little chalice found at Gourdon is nearl a copy in miniature of the celebrated vase at Naples. The we get the chalice of Theophilus, where the gilded and nielloe bosses, like spoons, play so important a part-the handle having become a matter of indifference. Then we have th one at Augsburg, where we still see the spoons. In the Chi chester example they occur only at the foot and end in trefoils afterwards they disappear altogether, the only trace being i the cup into which the bowl drops. Still later we arrive a the fifteenth century chalice, where the knob is enormoust large and the pipe enormously long.

The next most necessary vessel is the paten, which in th modern Roman communion is simply a round plate with n

engraving on the upper surface, and which fits into the top of the chalice. Anciently the practice was different, and we find patens with engraving, enamels, and even with jewels, as that of St. Goslin in the cathedral of Nancy. The burettes for the wine and water, the cross or crucifix, for both were used, and the candlesticks, completed the absolute furniture of the altar. In early times the Holy Sacrament was enclosed in a vessel, often in the form of a dove, and suspended over the altar; it was shewn to the people in an ostensoir, which generally took the form of a little chapel on a foot and pipe like a chalice, or else a round sun with rays similarly mounted; it was also kept in a ciborium, a little circular vase with a conical top, but in after times it changed into a globular vessel placed on the stem and foot of a chalice. Book-covers, alms-basins, sacringbells, chrismatories, processional crosses, holy-water stoups, paxes, and portable altars were only a few of the articles demanded for the worship of the unreformed Church, and if the priest's cope required only a morse, there was hardly any end to the valuable adornments of the vestments of the higher clergy. Thus the bishop had his precious mitre, such as we see the remains of at Oxford; his crozier, such as is shewn at Winchester; his pastoral ring, his jewelled gloves, and jewelled orphreys to his chasuble, amice, stole, or cope. But the great ambition of the authorities of nearly every cathedral or large church was to possess a feretrum, or shrine, for the patron saint, to say nothing of numerous reliquaries, to describe the various forms of which would be to give a long description. of a great portion of medieval orfévrerie, for nearly every vessel could be turned into a reliquary.

As to the great shrine, it consisted of a basement of marble or coloured stone, upon which was placed a wooden structure covered with plates of gold and silver. In latter times this upper part assumed the form of a small church with buttresses, pinnacles, windows, statues, &c.; but in the early part of the Middle Ages it was simply an oblong structure with a coped top. Of course all the processes above described were employed in its decoration, and although a long time was necessarily employed in the construction, when finished these feretra must have been marvels of the art of the time, to say nothing of subsequent votive offerings which were placed around or otherwise attached. The whole of this precious work was covered

Part of the North Side of the Tower, shewing the Coffin-slab
Jamb of Fireplace in the Conventual Buildings
Part of Window-head and Impost

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Jarrow Church from the North-East

of Benedict Biscop

Capital from the Chancel

Masonry and Windows on the South Side of the Chancel, the work

Upper part of the Tower and Lower Window of the Tower
Capital of Shaft in the Upper Window

678

679

681

682

ib.

683

ib.

684

ib.

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Cornwall.-Holed Stones at Bolleit and at Men-an-tol, Madron

Holed Stone Cross, Eilean Rona

687

689

690

692

694

696

697

698

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The Annunciation, with Inscription, from one of the Round Towers
An Angel, from one of the Quatrefoil Turrets, with Inscription
An Angel, in a Vesica within a Quatrefoil, with Inscription
An Angel, from one of the Square Towers, with Inscription

Plan of Roman Remains at Wycomb, Gloucestershire

The Haverslund Stone

The Bustrup Stone .

Symbols from a Jewish Sarcophagus

The Jewish Vetro, or Glass Patera.

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Jewish Emblems

Peculiar form of Bell-frame at Pittington

Bronze Statuette of Mars, from Wycomb

Seal and Autograph of W. Lambarde

Worcester College Chapel, Oxford, shewing new Decorations (Plate)

Crypt in Watergate-street, Chester .

Plan, shewing the Groining.

ib. 297, 298 368

432, 433

435

561

607

608

THE

Gentleman's Magazine

AND

HISTORICAL REVIEW.

JULY, 1864.

CONTENTS.

MINOR CORRESPONDENCE.-Archæological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
-The Family of Marshall-Deans of Peculiars-Erratum

Art applied to Industry.-V.

Discovery of Stone Kists

Roman Remains at Dover

Further Investigations of Grave-hills in Cleveland

Tyrian Purple

Memorials of Fountains Abbey

Remains of Radnor Castle

Preservation of the Winchester Records

The "Tower Earl" of Desmond

The Fossil Elephant of Malta

Names of Places in Wiltshire

Mediæval Roof at Nunraw House
A Scotch Colony in France

PAGE

2

3

18

18

19

23

24

27

27

28

39

40

45

47

ANTIQUARIAN AND LITERARY INTELLIGENCE.- Society of Antiquaries of London, 49; Archæological Institute, 55; British Archæological Association, 61; Royal Institute of British Architects, 65; Ecclesiological Society, 67; Numismatic Society, 69; Chester Architectural, Archæological, and Historic Society, 70; Royal Institution of Cornwall, 74; Leicestershire Architectural and Archæological Society, 79; Society of Antiquaries, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 89; Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 81; Yorkshire Philosophical Society

Discovery of an Ancient Fresco at Rome

CORRESPONDENCE OF SYLVANUS URBAN.-The Excavations at Wycomb, 85;
Lambeth Degrees, 87; Lambeth Degrees, 91; The Provostship of Wells, 92;
Hewitt, Hewett, Huet, or Hewyt Family-Some Account of St. Chad's Well and
Baptistery, near Lichfield

HISTORICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS REVIEWS, AND LITERARY NOTICES.-
King Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Version of Boethius, 97; Webster's Syntax and
Synonyms of the Greek Testament-The Arranged as Said Edition of the Book
of Common Prayer-Elton's Norway: the Road and the Fell-Nicholson's The
Organ, its Mechanism, Stops, &c.-Puckle's Church and Fortress of Dover Castle
MONTHLY INTELLIGENCE

APPOINTMENTS, PREFERMENTS, AND PROMOTIONS

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OBITUARY-Marshal Pelissier, 111; Capt. Sir H. Vere Huntley, R.N., 112; Nassau.
William Senior, Esq.-Professor Ferrier, 113; John Clare, the Northamptonshire
Poet

CLERGY DECEASED

115 118

DEATHS ARRANGED IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER

119

Registrar-General's Return of Mortality and Births in the Metropolis-Markets, 127;
Meteorological Diary-Daily Price of Stocks

128

BY SYLVANUS URBAN, GENT.

NOTICE. SYLVANUS URBAN requests his Friends to observe that Reports, Correspondence, Books for Review, announcements of Births, Marriages, and Deaths, &c., received after the 20th instant, cannot be attended to until the following Month.

ARCHEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. THE commencement of the annual meeting of the Archæological Institute at Warwick under the presidency of Lord Leigh, Lord Lieutenant of the county, has been fixed for Tuesday, July 26. The proceedings, which present an unusual amount of attractions, will extend to Aug. 2. The Dean of Chichester, the Master of Caius College, and Mr. Beresford Hope have consented to preside in the sections, History, Antiquities, and Architecture, respectively. The Earl of Warwick and many of the local magnates have welcomed cordially the visit of the Institute; the noble Earl has liberally permitted the treasures of art and antiquity preserved in Warwick Castle to be available for the temporary museum, for which an unusually favourable depository has been provided in the spacious Corn Exchange. The Corporation have placed at the Society's disposal all public accommodations, and efficient co-operation is tendered by the Warwickshire Archæological Society, whose museum is at Warwick. The Castle, a feature of singular interest, will doubtless present to Mr. Hartshorne a subject not less important as an example of military architecture than any on which he has heretofore discoursed, and Mr. Scharf promises to set forth the merits of the noble assemblage of paintings which it contains. Kenilworth, Stratford, Coventry with its fine churches, St. Mary's Hall, and picturesque relics of domestic architecture, will be visited. Professor Willis has undertaken to give the architectural history of Lichfield Cathedral, and a day will be devoted to that remarkable fabric, easily attainable by railway. The ancient association of Coventry with the see of Lichfield may justify this extension of the proceedings beyond the limits

of Warwickshire. Mr. Staunton has placed at the disposal of the Society the invaluable county collections preserved at Longbridge. The arrangements, under the friendly care of the Mayor of Warwick and an efficient local committee, will speedily be made known, and programmes obtained at the office of the Institute, 1, Burlington Gardens.

THE FAMILY OF MARSHALL.

SIR,In the June Number of the GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE, your correspondent, George W. Marshall, LL.B., at the end of the Pedigree of Marshall wishes for information as to any other families of that name. I beg to call his attention to a family of Marshall among the gentry of Lincolnshire, now much decayed, and lately extinct in the male line, I believe, resident at Theddlethorpe, below Louth, on the sea coast, and mentioned in Yorke's "Union of Honour," 1640, as bearing-Sable, three bars argent, a canton ermine. I am, &c. Louth, June 4.

W. R. EMERIS.

DEANS OF PECULIARS. SIR,-With reference to the communication of Mr. Mackenzie C. Walcott, we may observe that a list of the Deans of Bocking is given at p. 270 of the "History of Hadleigh" by the Rev. Hugh Pigot, M.A.

We take this opportunity of stating that Dr. Ferris, sometime Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, Rector of Great Stambridge, Precentor and Prebendary of Chichester and Dean of Battle (who died June 19, 1801), was named Thomas, and not Daniel.

C. H. and THOMPSON COOPER.
Cambridge.

ERRATUM.

Vol. I. p. 804. By a typographical error, the publications of the Rev. John Buck, LL.D., are ascribed to the Rev. Edward Owen.

GENT. MAG., June, 1864, p. 779.

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