t

20:00

wu

交

Used for 無, not being, not having. IV.
上. xix. 3; 下. xxviii. 7. Used actively,
and = to disown. VII. 上. xxxiv.

(1) Intercourse; to have intercourse
kegou with. I. T. iii. 1: V. 下. iv. 3, 4: VI.
chiao 上. xv. 2; 下. v. 1: VII. 下. xviii. =
mutually. I.上. i. 4. 交易, to deal
with and exchange. III.上. iv. 5. 交
陈, intercourse, and its expression by
下
mingled, to cross one another. III. F.
iv. 7.內交於.........,
of.... II. F. vi. 3. = to treat as. VII.
上. xxxvii. 1. (2) A man's name. VI.
下. ii. 1, 2, 6.

亦

yih

yi

亥

hae

hai

presents. V.

iv. 1. To be inter-

to seek the favour

Also. Sæpe. It is difficult sometimes
to bring out the also in another lan-

guage; as in I. 1. i. 2, 3; vii, 17. II.
下. x. 6: et. al.不亦.........乎,亦
.........而包 are common phraseologies.
I. 下. ii. 2, 3: II. 下. ix. 3: VI. 下.
vi. 2: VII. 上. xxxix. 2. Obs. 抑亦
II. 下. iv. 8: III. 下.x. 3; 亦不,
where 亦 = still, III. 下. vi. 1; VII.
下. xix. 3; and 則亦= yea, VII.下.

xxxviii. 4,

A surname. V. K. iii. 4.

IV. 下. ii. 4: et al. (2) It indicates
officers and rulers, in distinction from

民,the people. I.上. ii. 3: II.上.
i. 13: et al. So, perhaps, VII. 下. xxviii,
→人, with reference to the emperor,
I. 下. iii. 7. (3) Following names of
States it native, natives, people. So

齊人,魯人, &c., &c. But 殷人
and 周人, III.上. iii, 6. are difft.,

meaning the founders of the Yin and

Chow dynasties. So 國人, the people

of the State, or merely a common man.
1. 下. vii. 4, 5: II. 下. viii. 2; x. 3: IV.
上. xi.; 下. iii. 3; xxiv. 2: et al. (4)

With other characters, it forms concrete
substantives, especially nouns expressing

office or profession. We have 匠人
and 玉人. I. 下. ix; 矢人 and
函人, II.上.vii; 廪人,下
vi, 5; 虞人, V. 下. vii. 7;館人,
VII. 下. xxx.;校人, V.上. ii. 4.
(5) Observe also 罪人;狄人;嬖
人;窮人;鄉人;族人;野
人

which means both country people,

and uncultivated people;艮人,=
husband, IV. 下. xxxiii. 1; 侍人;
聖人, II. 上. ii. 17, 20, 22, 25, 28;
下. ix. 3: III. 上. iv. 2, 8, 13; 下. ix.
5, 10, 14: IV. F. i. 5; ii. 1: V.上.
vii. 7: VI. 上. vii, 3, 8: VII. 上. xxiij.
3; xxiv.; xxxviii.; 下. xv.; xxiv. 2;
xxxviii. 4; 寡人,the humble 'I' of
the prince of a State. I. 上. iii. 1; iv. 1;
v. 1; vii. 4: et al.; 夫人, the wife of
a prince, III. 下. iii, 3; 大人, III.
上. iv, 6: IV. 上. xx. 1; 下. vi.; xi.;
xii.; VII. 上. xix. 4; xxxiii. 3; 下.
xxxiv,; 小人, II. 下. xii. 7: III. 上
ii. 4; iv. 6: et al.; 庶人, the masses,
the people, IF. i. 4: II. 下. vii. 2: V.
下. ii. 5, 6, 7, 8: et al;門人,disciples,
III. 上.iv. 13: VII.下. xxix,;人牧,
人君,人臣,人子,人弟,but

介仕

ling

也,and今夫;今日,今時以

當今之時,and當今之世 今而後 from this time forth. I. 下. xii. 2: et al.

(1) Firm purpose. VII. 上. xxviii, (2) Used for 芥 a stalk of the mustard plant, a straw. V.上. vii. 2.

Up 4th tone. 仆然, suddenly. VII.

kech 上. xxi

sze

shih

他

t'a

To take-be in-office. II. F. ii. 22; 下. xiv. 1: III. 下. iii. 1, 5, 6: et al. Obs. 當仕,V.下. vii 9.仕者, officers. I. 上. vii. 18;下. v. 3. So 仕 alone. II. 下. viii. 1.

(1) Other, another. I. 上. vii. 9: V. 上. iii. 2; 下. iv. 8: VII. 下. xvii. 他日,another day, other days. It may mean formerly, next day, and afterwards. I. 下. i. 2; xvi 1: II. 下. iv. 4. x. 3: III. F. ii. 4; iv. 13; v. 2, 4; 下. x. 5: IV. . xiv. 1 : VI. 下. vi. 2.無 他, nothing else, for no other reason. I. 上vii. 12;下. i. 6, 7: II. 下. ii. 9: VI. 上. xi. 4 ; 下. iii. 2: VII. 上. xv. 3 ; xxv. 3 ; xxxvi. 3. So, 豈有他 哉. I. 下. x. 4: VI. 上. xiv. 1. 言 他, spoke of something else. I. 下. vi. 3. 之他,went elsewhere. IV. 下 xxxiii. 1. (2) Read to, a name. IV. 下

e

i

(1) Alternate, one after another. III. 下. ix. 5. For, instead of. V. T. ii. 6,7,8. (2) 三代, the three dynasties;

-Hea, Shang, and Chow. III. 上. ii.

2; iii. 10: IV. f. iii. 1. (3) A name, 陳代,III. 下. 1. 1.

To employ. 使令, to be employed. I. 上. vii. 1, 6.

Low. 3d tone. (1) An order; to order,

I. 下. xi. 4 : IV. 上. vii. 2. (2) Good.

VI. . xvii. 3.

(1) To take, to use. But our idiom requires for the most part, that it be translated as a preposition, -by, at, with, because of, according to, &c. It precedes the principal verb of the sentence, as in I.

上1.2,文王以民力篇

, 'king Wan used the people's strength to make his tower,' or 'made his tower with the people's strength;' or in V.. V.1, 堯以天下與舜,‘Yaou

took the empire and gave it to Shun,' or simply, Yaou gave the empire to Shun.' It follows the principal verb, and then its prepositional force is more apparent. E.G., I. 上. iv. 2, 殺人 以梃,‘to kill a man with a stick.

We might indeed translate, 'to kill a man, using a stick.' Its regimen sometimes precedes it. E G., V. f. vii. 2, 一介不以與人,一介不 以取諸人.‘one straw he would

not have taken and given to men, or taken and received from men,' or simply, 'he would neither have given nor taken a single straw. This position of the regimen is for the sake of emphasis. Examples, of the first two usages especially, occur very frequently. Julien argues (See the 'Treatise on four Chinese Characters, appended to his Translation of Mencius) that in many cases it is merely = a sign of the accusative case. And it is difficult sometimes to give any other force to the

以, as in II.上. i. 5: III. F. iv. 10: IV. 下. xxviii.: et al.; yet a peculiar significancy may be traced in it. Obs. 所 以, that by, for, from, which, a force sometimes sustained by 以alone;是 以, hence; and 何以,whereby, or

jên

wherefore. is found without any regimen, joined to 告.I. 下. xii. 2: et al., sæpe. 有以 and 無以are 狂 abbreviations for 有所以無所 以. I.上. V. 2, 3: et al. In a sentence 以 = to act, according to, &c. E.G. V. 下. i. 3.以爲, and often with a regimen of intervening, frequently means to take to be, to consider, to be considered. But by no means always. Sometimes also the

which has no accessory,

use, to

伊

e

i

because. II. . ii. 15: et al. (3) To, so as to; often forming with a verb follow-ch'i

ing our infinitive. Sometimes the 以伍 = 'wherewith to,' 'and thereby.' I. F. i. 2; vii. 12, 15, 16, 21, 22: et al., sæpe..

To this belong 以來,以下, and 以至.(4) It is often used after,

woo

WIL

优

fuh
fu

伐

fa

'to

forming our potential mood, and = the
to, which is suppressed after our auxili- fa
aries. Passim. (5) Used as =
stop., I. F. vii. 2. (6) Observe明
以教我, I. 上. vii. 19; 樂以
天下,1.下. iv. 3; 以美然,II.
下. vii. 1; 以寸, IV. 下. vii.; and

some other sporadic cases.

仲
chung designations. V. E. vi. 5.-I. F. iv.

The second of brothers. It is used in

仰

yang

6; vii. 2: et al. It follows the surname,

or what is equivalent to it, without any

other character, and then may be taken as = the name. II. 下. ii. 3.—II. 上 i. 8.-II. 上. i. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; 下. ii. 8, 10.-V. 下. iii. 2.-III. 下. x. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6; VII. 上. xxxiv.

To look up to. II. F. v. 6; 下. ix. 4: 仰望. IV.下. xxxiii.

IV.下.

XXV.

Used adverbially with the correlate 俯,

=

above, below. I. L. vii. 20, 21: VII. 上. xx. 3.

任 (1) A charge, office. VI. 下. xxxiii,

jin

jên

1. = business, purpose. I. 下. ix. 1. A burden. VI. 下. ii. 3. (2) As a verb.

To charge, to burden, V. L. vii. 6;

休 hsiu

hew

伯

pih

po

似

sze

szû

shih

下. i. 3. Obs.. IV. 上. xiv 3, and 聖 之任者,.下. 1. 5.

Low. Ist tone. (1) A burden, = baggage. IHI. K. iv. 13. (2) The name of a small State. VI. 下. 1. 1; v.季 任. the younger brother of the chief of Jin. VI. K. v. 1.

A surname.伊尹, the minister of T'ang. II. F. ii. 22, 23; 下. ii. 8, 10: et al. 伊訓, the name of a Book in the Shoo-king. V. P. vii. 9,

The name of Confucius' grandson. IV.. T. xxxi. 2: V. T. vi. 4.

Five men in rank or file. = ranks. II..

下. iv. 1, 2.

To be lying down.. IL.. ii. 3.

(1) To smite, to attack; = to punish..

I. P. viii. 1; x. 1, 4; xі. 1: II.下. viii.

1, 2: III. 下. v. 1, 6; ix. 6: IV. E. viii. 4: V. F. vii. 6; ix. 2: VII. F.. ii. 2; iii. 3; iv. 4.討而不伐, VI. 下. vii. 2. (2) To hew down, to lop,-applied. to trees, and to the mind. VI. E. viii, 1, 2,

(1) Happiness; to be happy. I. 下. iv. 5: III. . v. 5. (2) The name of a place. II. P. xiv. 1.

I.

(1) The eldest of brothers,伯兄, VI. 下. v. 3. (2) A title of nobility. V. 下. ii. 3. 4. So, 葛伯1.下.iii.. 1; xi. 2: III. K. v. 2; and 西伯, IV. 上. xiii. 1: VII. 1. xxii. 1, 3. (3) In: the designation 伯夷II.上. ii. 22, 23; ix. 1, 3: et al., saper (4) Must be used for, a hundred. III. F. iv. 18.

As; to be like to. I. F. vi. 2: II. 上. ii. 6: VII. 上, xxvi, 3; xli, 1; 下. xxxvii, 11.相似, like one another, similar. II. 下. ii. 5: VI. F. vii. 3, 4, 5, 6. To be like what is right. II. 下. v. 1.似者, a semblance. VII. 下.

VII. 上. xxxiv.; 下. iii. 1; xii. 1.

To be believed; to obtain the confidence

of. IV.上. xii. 1; 下. xi. (3) As an adverb, really, truly. II. F. v. 6; III. 上.v.3: V.上. ii. 1; vi. 2: VI.上.ii. 3.

Up. 1st tone. To stretch out straight,

to straighten. VI. 上. xii, 1.

Together; = both. VI. 上. ix. 3: VII. 上. xx. 2.

A granary; a storehouse for grain gener

ily. II. 下. xiv. 2; xv.

ts'in eh'in

6: IV. 下. xxiv. 2.

1:

a granary for rice. I. 下. xii. 2: III. 上. iv. 3: V.上. i. 8; ii. 3; 下. vi. 下.. v. 4. (2) A

6. Used as a verb. I.

name 臧倉, I. 下. xvi. 1, 3.

(1) To rebel against, revolt from. III.

上. iv. 12, 14. (2) Double, as much again as. I. 下. xi. 3: III. 上. iv. 18:

IV. 上. xiv. 1: V. 下. ii. 6, 7, 8: VI. 下

vi. 7. In this second sense, the char. is aspirated, and low. 2d tone, in the Canton dialect.

Inverted, upside down. II. 上. i. 13.

chüan

倪

e

yi

倫 lun

信 (1) Truthfulness, fidelity. I. 上.v.偃 yen

sin

hsin

kea

3: III. 上. iv. 8: VI. 上. xvi. 1: VII. 上. xxxii; 下. xxvii, 11, 12. True, 假 real. V. F. ix. 1: VII. 下. xxv. 1,2, chia 4; xxxiii. 2. (2) To believe; have confidence in (it may be to obey or follow, as 偕 principles; or to employ, as officers). I.

下xi. 2: IV.上. i. 8; V.上. ii. 4:

keae chieh