A Dictionary Practical, Theoretical, and Historical, of Commerce and Commercial Navigation. By the late J. R. M'CULLOCH, of H.M. Stationery Office. New Edition, revised and corrected throughout; with a Biographical Notice of the Author. Edited by HUGH G. REID, Secretary to Mr. M'Culloch for many years. Pp. 1,582; with 11 Maps and 30 Charts. Medium 8vo. price 63s. cloth; or 70s. neatly and strongly halfbound in russia. [June 10, 1869. THE THE well-known Commercial Dictionary of the late Mr. M'CULLOCH has now been entirely recomposed in larger and more legible type than that adopted in former editions, and each page is divided into two columns; an improvement in form which will be found to facilitate the use of the work, whether for occasional reference or for

more continuous perusal. The statistical and tabular matter of which this DICTIONARY is mainly composed, and to the fulness and trustworthiness of which it owes its value, has been subjected to a searching revision, and is throughout extended and brought down to the latest accessible dates. Many of the most useful articles have in this process been entirely rewritten or reconstructed. It would be vain to attempt within the space here available anything approaching a complete or adequate analysis of so comprehensive a work,-a work which, although still comprised within the limits of a single volume, would, if printed in the form and size of page usually adopted for library books (demy 8vo.) fill thirty such volumes. It must therefore suffice to offer a very brief outline of some of its more noticeable features, and at the same time to point out a few that are novel in this edition,

A

The CONTENTS may be stated in abstract as follows:I. An Essay on Commerce explanatory of its Nature, Principles, and Objects, and of the policy best calculated to foster and extend it. II. Various Articles more particularly referring to Commercial Navigation under such heads as Anchors, Average, Bills of Lading, Bottomry, Cables, Charter Party, Collision, Freight, Insurance (Marine), Master, Navigation Laws, Owners, Registry, Salvage, Seamen, Ships, Steam Vessels, Tonnage, Wrecks, &c. III. Articles unfolding the Principles and Practice of Commercial Arithmetic and Accountssuch as those on Book-keeping, Discount, Exchange, Interest and Annuities, &c.

IV. Articles descriptive of the various means and devices for extending and facilitating Commerce and Navigation, viz. on Banks, Brokers, Buoys, Canals, Carriers, Cheques, Clearing House, Coins, Colonies, Companies, Consuls, Docks, Lighthouses, Money, Partnership, Pilotage, Post Office, Railroads, Telegraphs, Treaties (Commercial), Weights and Measures, &c.

V. Besides the general article on Companies above mentioned, and those on Banking Companies and Dock Companies, there will be found Special Notices of the East India Company, Gas Companies, Insurance Companies, Water Companies, &c.

VI. Our Chief Excise and Customs Regulations are specified under Customs, Excise, Importation and Exportation, Licenses, Smuggling, Tariffs, Warehousing, &c. Though extracts from Foreign Tariffs are occasionally given, these Tariffs in their entirety will rarely be found, for the reason assigned by the Author, that they are liable to constant change. There aro, however, a few appended to our treaties with foreign powers, and inserted under that head. The Tariff of the United States has also been given very fully under New York, as a striking illustration of the length to which protective duties can be carried, and as affording a strong contrast to our own short list of Customs' Duties, which will be found under Tariff.

VII. In addition to the general article on Colonieswhich contains a sketch of the ancient and modern Colonisation, an examination of the principles of Colonial Policy, and a view of the Extent, Trade, Population, &c. of the Colonies of the present day-separate notices are given of a few of the chief Ports in our Colonies and Dependencies, viz. Adelaide, Bombay, Calcutta, Capetown, Colombo, Halifax, Hong Kong, Kurrachee, Madras, Melbourne, Quebec, Rangoon, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Sydney, &c.

VIII. Accounts more or less in detail of the great Foreign Ports with which this country has

extensive intercourse, embodying generally statements of the Trade of the Countries in which they are situated. The following may be named:-Alexandria, Antwerp, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Bordeaux, Buenos Ayres, Cadiz, Canton, Copenhagen, Dantzic, Galatz, Galveston, Hamburgh, Havannah, Havre, Lima, Marseilles, Monte Video, Nagasake, Naples, New York, Odessa, Palermo, Petersburg, Philadelphia, Rio de Janeiro, Shanghai, Smyrna, Stockholm, Taganrog, Trieste, Valparaiso, Venice, Vera Cruz, &c.

IX. Many Articles of a miscellaneous charactersuch as Aliens, Apprentice, Auctioneer, Balance of Trade, Bankruptcy, Contraband, Credit, Hanseatic League, Imports and Exports, Insolvency, Maritime Law, Neutrality, Newspapers, Passengers, Passports, Patents, Pawnbroking, Piracy, Population, Precious Metals, Prices, Privateers, Publicans, Quarantine, Revenue and Expenditure, Slaves and Slave Trade, Tally Trade, Truck System, Zollverein, &c.

In this NEW EDITION, together with a brief Memoir of the Author, new Tables of Coins, and several new Charts, the following Articles among others appear for the first time:-Dollar, Passports, Petroleum, Telegraph, Transit, &c. Among those that have been recast, Acids and Alkalies may be distinguished; and among those which have been much extended are Docks, Tariffs, Treaties, Zollverein, &c.

The changes during the last ten years in the laws affecting the Customs and Excise, Merchant Shipping and Seamen, Partnership, &c. have also been brought into view; and the text of our more recent and important commercial engagements with foreign powers has been added under Treaties Commercial.

With regard to Statistics, the latest of an authentic kind have generally been given, and the table on page 727 may be cited by way of illustrating, in very small compass, the proportions in which we distribute our produce and manufactures over the world. But the state of our trade in 1866, 1867, and 1868, having been quite exceptional and subject to disturbing causes of an extraordinary kind, it should be observed that no averages in this Dictionary have been constructed on any returns applicable exclusively to this triennial period.

August 31, 1869

Mountains, the Author has been drawn thither again and again by the charm and the interest of the country. This charm is due to a touch of Italian softness tempering Alpine severity and Dolomite grandeur. The interest centres in TITIAN. The scenery of Cadore and its neighbourhood inspired TITIAN's landscape; its remote villages still treasure in their churches relics of his pictures; its annals supplied him with the subject of one of his greatest, though, as it has long perished, one of his least known compositions; while they curiously illustrate the life of a small mountain republic from the earliest times. To enable others to participate in some degree in the pleasure experienced by the Author in rambling over the country, in searching out its history, and in tracing its influence upon the life and genius of TITIAN, is the intention of the present work. The ILLUSTRATIONS, drawn with a pen upon stone, and lacking therefore the effect and delicacy of etchings, as well as the skill of a more practised hand, will yet, it is hoped, be found to convey a sufficient idea of the scenery; and the copy that is offered of TITIAN'S original design for his picture of the Battle of Cadore, which has never been engraved, possesses, it is believed, a value of its own.

LIST of the ILLUSTRATIONS.

Titian's Bridge.

Sketch Map of Cadore.

1. Titian's House in Venice, from Cadorin.

2. The Antelao as seen from Venice, from a Drawing by Mr. Ruskin.

3. Castle of Ceneda.

4. Cloud Effects, from the Madonna and St. Catherine,' and Her Majesty's Landscape Titian.

5. Serravalle.

6. Belluno.

7. Colontola, Titian's Mill.

8. Titian's Farmsteads.

9. Mountain Forms, from the 'Adoration of the Magi,' 'Presentation in the Temple,' and 'Supper at Emmaus.'

10. Mountains, from a Drawing in the Louvre. 11. Mountains, from a Titian Drawing, engraved by Domenico Campagnola.

12. Dolomite Forms in Titian and others of the Venetian School.

24. Valle and the Battlefield.

25. Monte Duranno, San Martino, and the Battle Burial-ground.

26. Photograph from Burgmair's 'Battle of Cadore.' 27. Facsimile of Titian's Original Design for his 'Battle of Cadore.'

28. Titian's Study for the Falling Horseman. 29. Castle of Cadore and Monte Marmarolo. 30. The Tre Ponti.

31. Monte Bosconero, from Zoppe. 32. Sauris.

33. The Pelmo, from Monte Zucco.
WOODCUTS.

1. Val Auronzo.
2. The Sexten Thal.
3. Titian's Tower.

4. Titian's House in Ca-
dore.

5. Sasso di Pelmo, from Santa Lucia.

6. Monte Civita, from Caprile.

7. Monte Cristallo and the Dürren See, near Landro.

8. Cortina.

9. Monte Antelao, from San Vito.

The Paraguayan War; with Sketches of the History of Paraguay, and of the Manners and Customs of the People, and Notes on the Military Engineering of the War. By GEORGE THOMPSON, C.E. Lieutenant-Colonel of Engineers in the Paraguayan Army, and Aide-de-Camp to President Lopez; Knight of the Order of Merit of Paraguay, &c. Pp. 360, with 8 Maps and Plans and a Portrait of Lopez. Post 8vo. price 12s. 6d. cloth. [June 30, 1869.

THIS work is designed to give an insight into

the real situation of the belligerents, and into the manner in which the war has been carried on by both sides. Hitherto, on account of the strictness with which the blockade has been maintained, only those versions which the Allies have given of the events of the war have reached the outer world, and these have always been favourable to themselves.

The Author has taken care to place in a distinct light the relative positions of the countries engaged, and has given a sketch of the history of Paraguay; he has also related the events which led to the commencement of the war, which was begun by LOPEZ chiefly to gratify his own personal ambition.

A detailed account is given of the organisation of the Paraguayan army and of the resources at its disposal, as also of the armaments of the allies. It is shewn that Paraguay-a little country, smaller than England, and surrounded completely by the territories of its enemies-was able to compete against nearly the whole of South America. Paraguay had only the most ancient

firearms, but by the heroism of its people it was a match for the three powers Brazil, the Argentine Confederation, and Uruguay, which were armed with all the most modern inventions-rifled artillery, ironclads, and rifled small-arms.

The most striking feature of the war, however, is the atrocious cruelty of LOPEZ, by which Paraguay, before the war a paradise on earth, has been depopulated and converted into one vast cemetery, there not being a living man, woman, child, or beast from the Parana to the Cordillera, a distance of 300 miles, where before the war the whole country was dotted over with happy homes. A population of a million of souls has been in four years reduced to some fifteen or twenty thousand, mostly women and children, the males above eight years of age being almost completely extinct.

Some curious information about smooth-bore and Whitworth rifled artillery is introduced; and the Author states that hardly any damage was ever done to the Paraguayans by the three years' almost incessant bombardment which they underwent from the Brazilian fleet, which was armed with Whitworth 150 pounders, and with the common 68-pounder guns.

Down Channel in the Leo, 3 tons, from London to the Land's End, and in the Orion, 16 tons, R.T.Y.C. from London to the Scilly Isles s;

Pp. 96, with 5 Woodcuts from Drawings by Barlow Moore, and 4 Maps. Square fep. Svo. price 6s. cloth. [July 7, 1869.

HE notes of sailing contained in the present

THE

volume are only of the rough kind which the Author has been accustomed to make for several years for his own reference and amusement. They are designed to shew the pleasures and drawbacks of yacht-sailing as distinguished from the more luxurious amusement of yachting; and if they disabuse some readers of exaggerated notions on the subject, they will exhibit, as they really are, the enjoyment and enterprise which the occupation will yield to those who have sufficient strength of nerve and will to encounter its possible or probable hardships and perils.

The Author's first intention was to write of the 'Orion' only; but thinking that an account of his former vessels would not be altogether uninteresting as shewing how progressive and growing a taste for sailing is, he has commenced at the stage next to toy-boats, viz. the first day in the Leo.'

After an account of the first and last cruises in the Leo,' and the cruise of 1868 in the 'Orion,'

groundwork of Mr. J. S. MILL'S doctrine of necessity, and has endeavoured to shew that they are not conclusive against the doctrine of freedom in the sense applied to the word by the Author. In a previous work, intitled 'Freedom of Mind in Willing,' he maintained that 'every being that wills is a Creative First Cause'; and with reference to this proposition he has discussed in the first letter (1) the source of our notion of Causation, (2) the notion itself, and (3) the thing denoted by the term Causation, and reached the conclusion that all muscular movement depends on a knowledge which must be innate, and which differs from the knowledge stored up in memory only in the fact that the latter requires an effort when we wish to make use of it.

In the second letter he has analysed the definitions given of reason, will, and necessity, and finally has found in the wrong notions held even by such thinkers as MILL, HAMILTON, and MANSEL, under the terms Motive, Instinct, and Habit, the reasons why attempts to solve the question of our freedom in willing have so often been unsuccessful; Motive being really nothing but the being's knowledge, Instinct only a voluntary action conformed by the being to a mode or

plan the knowledge of which is innate, and Habit a voluntary action in conformity to a mode or plan which the being has itself previously discovered and acted upon till it can repeat it by memory without re-examination of its fitness.

Phases of Party. 8vo. pp. 96, price 3s. 6d. cloth. [August 3, 1869.

THE

HE Author in this work has attempted to trace out the several stages in the history of the Tory and Whig parties, with their derivatives, for the purpose of shewing not only how the old parties are still represented, and the degree to which their forms have been modified, but also the direction and extent of the changes which may be anticipated in the future. These changes, he thinks, may be regarded without apprehension. The influence of our constitutional forms and of English political thought is all against any excessive development in a republican sense in this country; while English influence has further furnished, and is likely more and more to furnish, a counteracting force in Europe, and even in America, to principles avowed in the first French Revolution.

While the old Tory party has been more and more narrowed, avowed republicanism has gained very little ground, and the great mass of the intelligent and educated have been won over to the views advocated by the great Whig writers of the last two centuries, whose works have also leavened the minds of thinking persons on the Continent, owing to their increased acquaintance with English literature.

The safeguards thus afforded are so great that even the existence of a party having a Colonial or American character need not make reformers and Liberals transfer themselves to the Conservative side, as was the case at the breaking out of the first French Revolution; the changes we have seen in Europe of late being rather copied from our Revolution of 1688 than secondary effects of that of France in 1792.

reader the trouble of wading through voluminous notes than to place within his reach a plain and intelligible version of the most valuable work of the best Roman satirist of the Augustan age.

A similar rhythmical version of HORACE'S Epistles will shortly follow, by the same Translator.

By

Robin, a Love Story; and other Poems. J. HECTOR COURCELLE. Fcp. 8vo. pp. 172, price 4s. 6d. cloth. [July 29, 1869. THIS is a volume of miscellaneous poems, lyrical, legendary, and classical, written upon several occasions. The first and longest, which consists of between 900 and 1,000 lines of blank verse, narrates a simple village story of the affections. Most of the shorter pieces are in rhyme. In the lines at pp. 128, 129, and 130, headed 'The Love-Gift,' the Author has endeavoured to impart poetical cadence and significance to a few sentences printed as stanzas of rhythmical prose unfettered by rhyme and entirely untrammelled by the structural laws of metre; the measure, which is believed to be original, being obtained by the regular recurrence of three accents in each line.

6

Rinaldo, a Novelette in Verse. By the Author of Vasco, a Tragedy.' Fep. 8vo. pp. 80, price 3s. 6d. cloth. [July 17, 1869. THIS metrical tale has reference to the period of the wars between the Spaniards and Moors, and narrates the events which followed upon the return of the KING of MARABAO to his province after one of the sanguinary expeditions then so common. Some of the chapters, or 'Books' into which the piece is divided, might be appropriately headed as follows:-The Return, LISABEL'S Counsel,' The Conspiracy,' 'MONA's Dreams,' 'The Festival,' The Discovery,' The KING'S Resolve.' A short Coda' hints at the fate which later overtook the WARRIOR PRINCE.

Discussions in the United Kingdom, France,

Germany, and the Netherlands, on the Abolition of Patents for Inventions; Speeches and Papers by Count BISMARCK, M. CHEVALIER, R. A. MACFIE, M.P. Sir ROUNDELL PALMER, M.P. Lord STANLEY, M.P. &c.: with Suggestions as to International Arrangements regarding Inventions and Copyright. 8vo. pp. 350, price 5s. cloth. [August 13, 1869. HIS book must not be regarded as written to gratify public taste or supply a desi deratum in literature. It is nothing more than a com

THIS