LEAD, KINDLY LIGHT.

Cardinal Newman's Great Hymn.
LEAD, kindly Light, amid the encircling gloom,
Lead Thou me on:

The night is dark, and I am far from home,
Lead Thou me on.

Keep Thou my feet; I do not ask to see
The distant scene; one step enough for me.

I was not ever thus, nor prayed that Thou
Shouldst lead me on;

I loved to choose and see my path; but now
Lead Thou me on.

I loved the garish day, and, spite of fears, Pride ruled my will; remember not past years.

So long Thy power has blest me, sure it still
Will lead me on

O'er moor and fen, o'er crag and torrent, till
The night is gone.

And with the morn those angel faces smile,
Which I have loved long since, and lost awhile.

CARDINAL NEWMAN. FIFTY-FIVE years have gone by since the cultured intellect of the world staggered at the word that John Henry Newman, one of the brightest lights in the Established Church of England and at the moment the leader and moving spirit in the great reform known to ecclesiastical history as the "Oxford movement," had embraced the faith of the Roman branch of the Catholic and Apostolic Church. Cardinal Newman has come down to us as a heritage from a former generation. All the great minds with whom he wrestled half a century ago had been called from earth many years before death claimed Cardinal Newman, on Monday, August 11, 1890. Mr. Gladstone alone remains of that race of intellectual warriors. At the great age of eighty-nine and a half years John Henry Newman breathed his last.

He came of a commercial family. His father was associated with the banking firm of Ramsbottom, Newman & Co., and a member of the Church of England. His mother was of Huguenot descent, and loyal to her inherited faith. His education was begun at Ealing, and at a very early age he became an omnivorous reader, inclining always towards books on theology. His home training had been evangelical, but from his first youth his mind had run uneasily on religious subjects, driven by that passion for theological inquiry which led him from the rationalism of Paine and Voltaire through the entire field of orthodox Protestantism to final intellectual peace in the Church of Rome.

When he had reached his fifteenth year he began to think seriously of his religious condition, and, as he expresses it in the history of his religious opinions, "fell under the influences of a definite creed." That creed was Calvinistic, and to his reading of Calvinistic works he has since

attributed the depth of religious conviction which has been under all changes of belief the leading characteristic of his career.

At this age he decided to be a Christian preacher, and also that as such it was his duty to lead a single life. At eighteen he won a Scholarship at Oxford, and graduated from Trinity with high classical honors. He was admitted to orders and elected Fellow of Oriel in 1825. In 1826 he was chosen Vice-Principal of St. Alban's Hall, by Dr. Whately, then at the head of that college. In 1828 he was made tutor to his college, and also appointed to the living of St. Mary's, in the gift of the university. In 1832 Newman finished his book on "Arians of the Fourth Century." In his studies for that volume he had begun to compare the Church of England with that fresh, vigorous power of the first centuries of which he was reading. "In her triumphant zeal on behalf of that Primeval Mystery, to which I had had so great a devotion from my youth, I recognized the movement of my spiritual mother-Incessu patuit Dea. The self-conquest of her ascetics, the patience of her martyrs, the irresistible determination of her bishops, the joyous swing of her advance, both exalted and abashed me. I said to myself, 'Look on this picture and on that.' I felt affection for my Church, but not tenderness. I felt dismay at her prospects, anger and scorn at her do nothing perplexity."

Around Newman there now gathered a group of young men who formed the nucleus of the school which was to make such a stir in the Church of England, among them Richard Hurrell Froude, Keble, Oakeley, M. Ward, Wilberforce, Coleridge and others.

Keble's Christian Year," published in 1827, had also deeply influenced the earnest minds of the day, and gradually the idea grew to purify and awaken the corrupt and sleepy Church which had come to be looked upon almost like any other government office, to be attained by favor and held regardless of personal fitness, and without hard work for the elevation of humanity. The chief men of the new school joined formally in 1833 and began the publication of the "Tracts for the Times," from which the reform they sought to bring about took its now famous name of the Tractarian or Oxford movement. Although Dr. Pusey and Mr. Newman were nominally joint editors, the great portion of the literary supervision fell to the lot of the incumbent of St. Mary's, who was then brimful of literary plans for the promulgation of the new doctrines.

In 1833 neither Newman nor his associates had any idea of aiding Roman Catholicism. As tract succeeded tract, however, it was visible enough that the writers held opinions still considered antagonistic to the belief of the Church of England, and while professing to engage in a refutation of

Dr. Newman wrote the first tract, and of the ninety actually published furnished twenty-four. In 1836 the two editors began the publication of a "Library of the Fathers," getting Frederick Faber to help them with it. This library became, however, chiefly the work of Dr. Newman, and served still further to increase the sensation created by what was now known as the Oxford movement. Opinion in the Church of England was sharply divided, and in the university itself events were in progress which added intensity to the controversy that had arisen.

The controversies between the Tractarians and their opponents grew in warmth with the publication of every tract, until the appearance of the famous "Tract Ninety," of which Newman was known to be the author. This final tract, destined as such to end the series, roused the tempest of opposition to the Oxford movement to its stormiest pitch. The teaching was brought under the notice of the Bishop of Oxford, who advised the discontinuance of the series. Hebdomadal Board of the university condemned

it.

The

Dr. Newman avowed the authorship of "Tract Ninety," but announced that the "Tracts for the Times" would cease. Then came his retirement from St. Mary's to seclusion at Littlemore in 1843, whither he was followed by a few choice friends.

"Tract Ninety" was upon the necessity of bring ing the Thirty-nine Articles into accord with mediæval doctrine. Newman argued that there could be but one Catholic and Apostolic Church. After two years he became convinced that this church was the Roman Catholic Church. In 1845 he went to Rome, and was ordained priest.

In 1847 he founded the Oratory of St. Philip Neri at Birmingham. In 1850 he founded the Brompton Oratory; but two years later he returned to the Oratory at Edgbaston, near Birmingham, where he remained, with the exception of the years 1854-8, when he was rector of the Roman Catholic University at Dublin. In 1877 he was elected Honorary Fellow of Oriel, and visited Oxford, which he had not seen for more than thirty years. meeting Dr. Pusey and other fellow-soldiers in his early battles. On May 12, 1879, he was made a Cardinal-a distinction which had long been within his reach.

It was at first feared that Cardinal Newman's secession from his own communion would be the signal for a secession which would divide the English Church. But the result was a great accession of intellectual force, a general awakening on the part of the English clergy to the responsibilities of their calling, and an increase of working power, especially among the poor. The Oxford movement proved an invigorating tonic.

parently fatal blow inflicted by her most brilliant son. Newman's example has tended to purify and strengthen religious thought in all denominations.

His sermons at St. Mary's had been a revelation to the fox hunting parsons of the possibilities and resources of preaching. Dr. Newman's manner was without display and exceedingly quiet. His sermons were read. It was the power of inherent excellence that drew the Oxford undergraduates to St. Mary's by the hundreds to listen to Dr. Newman's preaching. He did more than any other Englishman to emancipate the pulpit from conventional forms and what Mr. Gladstone has aptly described as "the mere slang of religion." He not only invested the preacher's office with dignity as that of an appointed messenger, but he also revealed how the message could be delivered most effectively-with naturalness, simplicity, directness, honesty and earnestness.

Though widely dissenting from his ecclesiastical beliefs, the thinking world has held for half a century a, constantly increasing reverence for the genius and character of this most influential English theologian. He was best fitted to be a religious leader in a highly organized and intellectual community like that in which he had lived during his earlier years at Oxford, where he was the most fascinating and directing thinker in the Church of England. The Roman Church in England had too small a share of what is vital in English life within its reach to give Cardinal Newman the leverage which his genius required. He lost his mission of spiritual leadership when he entered the Church of Rome; he could only be the leader under others in his new home; in the old he occupied a foremost position in a Church which is in the constant process of adjusting fundamental truth to modern life.

Cardinal Newman was a great Catholic and a great Englishman; but before and beyond these distinctions he was a strong, sympathetic, warmhearted, manly man, with the courage of his opinions, and an earnest Christ-like Christian, to whom men of all religions and no religion render the homage of respect that all honest men give to the possessor of all the essentials that go to the making of a noble character. Dr. Newman's published works fill thirty-six volumes. The best known separate book is the "Apologia pro Vita Sua," by many thought to be his finest literary effort.

No complete list of Dr. Newman's fugitive pieces of controversial writing can be given here. Nor is there any need of it. Perhaps the bestknown of all the things that came from his pen is the little hymn, "Lead, Kindly Light," written while on a voyage in the Mediterranean.

His writings, for their purity, simplicity and beauty of style, are among the finest models of English which the century has produced. John Charles Earle says of him, in "Modern Thought," "He is idealistic like Plato, and methodical like Aristotle; he confutes sophists with familiar wisdom like Socrates, and pierces the unseen like Dante; he is critical as Scaliger, Stephens and Muretus, emotional as St. Augustine, analytical as Hill, and, in his 'Gerontius,' visionary as Goethe; he is a mystic, yet a logical mystic; a Bible-Christian, yet a dogmatist; intensely liberal, yet hating liberalism;' ambitious, yet modest; gentle, yet capable of a quiet scorn. As a fiction, 'Callista' is a masterpiece; in oratory nothing can surpass some of the 'Sermons Addressed to Mixed Congregations;' the 'Essays on University Education' are unique in their breadth and compass; the Essay on Development' is as grand a dogmatic treatise as was ever composed; the lectures on Justification' are a specimen of the subtlest dogmatism; the essay on 'Miracles' is exhaustive; the 'Letter to the Duke of Norfolk' draws out in a masterly manner the prerogatives and the supreme authority of conscience; the Latin dissertations prove the writer a consummate scholar, and the 'Historical Sketches,' in three volumes, evince an intimate acquaintance with the entire course of history, ecclesiastical and secular." *

The body of Cardinal Newman lay in state in the Oratory at Edgbaston for one week, and the funeral took place on Tuesday, August 19. The arrangements were of the most simple and unpretentious character, according to the expressed wish of the Cardinal. The burial was at Redwall, a little village seven miles distant from Edgbaston, the Cardinal having requested to be laid be side a dear friend. The cause of his death was pneumonia.

TALKS WITH EMERSON.

It is always astonishing to discover that Emerson, who had such an intellectual ideal of friend

ship and held even his intimates at arms' length, should have had a personal fascination so extraordinary that it has been a familiar saying that every mind coming within range of him was thrown out of its old orbit into a new. Emerson

was the supreme flower of that New England culture which always seems to those beyond its geo

graphical pale as somewhat chilly. His intellectuality was so high and clear and serene, so "gray," as the artists would say, and so apparently free from the warm colors of passion, that one thinks of his intellectual child Thoreau, of whom

arm of an oak tree as Henry's." Yet the anomaly is that Emerson's magnetism seems to have been scarcely less great than that of our other greatest men. For one thing his voice was immensely impressive. In conversation it was a low voice, of course, a voice not sweeping everything, like Carlyle's, but wooing and fascinating the attention. The book before us is an evidence of the influence of Emerson's personality over young men. No other writer or teacher in our history ever so completely won the awe, the affection, the zealous discipleship of young men as Emerson has. The extent of this influence is only beginning to be appreciated, as those who receive the impression grow to stalwart years. Mr. Woodbury was one of a group of college boys who got Emerson to come and lecture in a certain Massachusetts town.

Mr. Woodbury's account of his personal associations with Emerson casts no new light on the character of the man. It is not to be expected that it should. If we do not know something about the character of Emerson we probably never shall, and the conclusion that we did not would certainly contain no compliment for some of the most sagacious men and women of the century who have, from time to time, undertaken to inform us. Mr. Woodbury is compelled, like the most closely received of Emerson's friends, to admit that this gentle Concord wizard, this seraphic New England giant, talked like his books; that what he said at any time might already have appeared in print, or might subsequently sit unshorn of a word in one of his essays. His talk, like his writing, was always a supreme example of how a thing might be best said. The faculty for always selecting exactly the right word was as continuously and as undeviatingly illustrated in his talk as in his writings. The fact that Emerson knew that young Woodbury was keeping a journal in which he noted down all that the Concord man said to him probably had no modifying influence whatever on Emerson's language.

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Mr. Emerson," observes the author of these stration and reasoning than by breaking up apathy latest comments, "hoped to help less by demonand imparting impulse; and who that has brooded over Emerson's writings and felt their fascination, spontaneous as if from an improvisatore, salient tive power, with imagination and intuition instead with all the qualities of suggestiveness and moof syllogisms, and words of a fine vitality coer

cing into new, strange and eruptive moods-but has felt that he has before him an illustration of what the English language, unaided by action, can achieve in moving the souls of men?"

Mr. Woodbury writes a book alive with mean

* Almost all the works of Cardinal Newman are issued here by Longmans, Green & Co.

men. (Baker & Taylor Co. $1.25.)-Brooklyn

Times.

WITH THE BEST INTENTIONS.

It can never be said that Marion Harland writes simply in order to delineate human life without reference to its moral quality. In her story-writing she always preserves a strong moral flavor. She will have none of that realism which engages itself in representing indifferently the slight varying aspects of outward life. In the story before us she has ventured into a region made somewhat well known by Miss Woolson's "Anne❞— that of Mackinac Island, Michigan. Indeed, the latter book plays quite a part in the development of the former. We are treated to a strong case of misjudgment on the part of a newly-married wife concerning her husband and a lady friend whom he has not seen for ten years previous to their accidental meeting on the hotel piazza. The wife is prim, and easily prejudiced against the attractive ways of the lady friend, who by her charming gifts blesses and draws to herself most of those who come within her reach. Little by little the misunderstanding grows through a series of incidents, walks, boatings, evening pleasures, all of which bring out the charm of the region impressively, until the outburst comes in a scene where the supposed adventuress is charged by her enemies with her offences, only to have them triumphantly refuted, and her heroism on the contrary made to shine forth as the sun. The author writes strongly as if she had known or felt some case of misconstruction like this. There is a sting in her words for all those who indulge in a propensity to find defects in a neighbor's life. She sets forth unhesitatingly the harshness of that profession of goodness which thrives upon the ready criticism of others' faults. The book has some delightful characters in it, and the plot is strong. The writer evidently means to do good by it. (Scribner. $1; pap., 50 c.)-Public Opinion.

THE HOUSE BY THE MEDLAR TREE. GIOVANNI VERGA is the author of The House by the Medlar Tree," which Mary A. Craig has translated for the Harper series of translations. In his graceful introduction, Mr. Howells says: Any one who loves simplicity or respects sincerity, any one who feels the tie binding us all together in the helplessness of our common human life, and running from the lowliest as well as the highest to the mystery immeasurably above the whole earth, must find a rare and tender pleasure in this simple story of an Italian fishing village. I cannot promise,” continues Mr. Howells, "that it will interest any other sort of readers, but I do not believe that any other sort are worth interesting; and so I can praise Signor Verga's book without reserve as one of the most perfect pieces of literature I know." This is high praise

certainly and from Sir Hubert. Mr. Howells scarcely exaggerates when he calls the author a poet, for the romantic conception, clothed as it is in the garments of the fullest reality, and the general color of the narrative, bespeak a poetic feeling of a noticeable kind. Popular knowledge of southern Italy is limited to a few poetic glimpses and some guide-book facts, so that few American readers who have not been on the ground will be able to make those comparisons which constitute the most severe mechanical testsof realism; but human nature is so universally touched by the same tendencies that Signor Verga's story appeals directly to our sympathies, offers fully all the external evidences of truth and displays as well the latent spirit of sincerity. When Mr. Howells, speaking of the "great modern movement toward reality," refers to the impossibility of ignoring Signor Verga's work, we realize that Mr. Howells' theory of realism is not the hard and soulless thing his detractorsif those who differ so harshly may be considered detractors-are always ready to make us believe it is. The story has not only a poetic flavor, but it has a quality wrongly assumed to be antagonistic to modern realism-it has fine dramatic force. Verga is a Sicilian, "of that meridional race among whom the Italian language first took form, and who in these latest days have done some of the best things in Italian literature." He certainly has full and powerful gifts of expression, and a dainty perception that illuminates the figures of his story with singular effect. The translation is to be commended. (Harper. $1.)Brooklyn Times.

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99.66

ence and allusion from which the lawless and guerrilla nature of much of the warfare carried on in that section is recognized by well-informed readers. The 'Capture of Camp Jackson;" Riots in St. Louis;" Capture of Jefferson City;" ""Battle of Carthage;" "Battle of Wilson Creek," in which the brave General Nathaniel Lyon lost his life; "Siege and Fall of Lexington;" Southern Army Driven Out of Missouri;" "Battle of Pea Ridge; Operations in Northwestern Arkansas "-these and others are chapterheadings that will stir afresh the blood of all who remember those days of disturbance and anxiety. We apprehend that their orderly and luminous treatment by Mr. Britton will have its place among the standard histories of specific portions of the terrible struggle, from which, there as elsewhere, have come the momentous issues and developments in our present national life. The publishers have printed "The Civil War on the Border" without an index, which is by no means to their credit, but with admirable portraits of Generals Lyon and J. M. Schofield, as well as with intelligible battle maps and plans. (Putnam. $3.)-Christian Union.

U. S.: AN INDEX TO THE UNITED STATES.

MR. TOWNSEND's book is certainly the most attractive volume that ever contained so many names and figures. In its animation, its variety and its originality of plan the book is, indeed, a delightful anomaly, while its usefulness is exceptional.

The compiler has gathered together and put into "get-at-able" form the results of a lifetime of desultory but interested research among the curious historical, geographical and political facts in United States history. It is a succession of entertaining facts, fancies and figures, from “college cries" and "United States" in every known language to all the battles of the nations and the tombs of the Presidents. Many handbooks of United States statistics have been prepared, but none of just the nature, the scope or value of Mr. Townsend's unique production. It is a book that should well find a place in every American home. In fact, it is the offspring of the pertinent inquiries of the two bright American boys to whom it is dedicated, and it will prove a boon to many a cross-examined parent. The book is especially timely in view of the growing interest in American history.

Such lists as that of Presidential sobriquets have a fresh and modern value. The " Presidential Items are also of peculiar and real interest, and the passages of information, such as are contained in the explained Derivation of 'Yankee,'" represent an extent of research for

which the reader cannot but be grateful. “Money Slang" is a reminder of the extent to which this money-getting nation has adopted colloquial substitutes for technical nomenclature. But to go through the departments of Mr. Townsend's book, to enumerate its groups of facts and allusions, its marking of the curious and coincidental in date, name and circumstances without referring to the full statistical and historical lists which give breadth to the book as a work of reference, would imply very extended comment. We believe that no reference library in college, reading-room or study can afford to be without this book. (Lothrop. $1.50.)-Brooklyn Times.

THE TAKING OF LOUISBURG.

A READABLE and instructive monograph by Samuel Adams Drake is concerned with "The Taking of Louisburg." From the first Mr. Drake treats the capture of the famous fortress as an important factor in the political and military problems of the eighteenth century, and he gives the event an historical perspective that cannot fail to impress even the casual reader who is not apt to trouble himself about the complex chain of effect and cause in which is alone the clue to the progress of events. To New England, Mr. Drake says in substance, the consequences of the The margreat exploit were truly momentous. tial spirit was revived. In the trenches of Louisburg was the training-school for the future captains of the republic. Louisburg became a watchword and a tradition to people intensely proud of their traditions. They not only had made themselves felt across the ocean, but they now first awoke to a knowledge of their own resources, and began to foster that spirit of independence which under other conditions might have lain dormant for years. Mr. Drake does not, indeed, go so far as to say that the taking of Louisburg opened the eyes of discerning men to the possibilities of western empire, but he contends that it must have had a decisive influence in fostering speculative discussion and a broader, more imSomeaginative treatment of public concerns. thing had been accomplished and was accepted as a token of what could be accomplished perhaps on a grander scale again. "New England had made herself felt across the Atlantic by an exhibition of power as unlooked for as it was To some it was suggestive to thoughtful men. merely like that put forth by the infant Hercules in his cradle. But to England, the unnatural mother, it was a notice that the child she had neglected was coming to manhood, erelong to claim a voice in the disposal of its own affairs." Keeping this broad outlook constantly in view, Mr. Drake sketches the course of one of the memorable events in American history in bold,