ciate. They are not very exactly constructed to scale; but they are ingeniously contrived, so as to be capable of being taken to pieces, to shew the various chapels and recesses. Thus the interior is modelled as carefully as the exterior. They are absurdly inlaid with mother-ofpearl, in various devices, and part of the construction of the building is modified to suit the cabinet-maker's convenience in putting the work together. However, the main point is, that the whole of the eastern part of the Church is represented in these models as having pointed arches, both in the pier-arches, the triforium, and in the great central lantern. The windows are all round-headed. This is so perfectly consistent with what might have been expected, and with the portions that have survived the fire of 1808, that I have not hesitated to adopt their pointed arches in the general section of the Church, although Le Bruyn, who has given us the only view extant of this interior, has made the tower and lateral arches semicircular. But he has done the same by the campanile, or rather given its arches an elliptical form: and yet the lower part of this campanile still stands with pointed arches of the most decided character. As to the great Rotunda, or circular nave, every authority concurs with the models, in making its arches semicircular. It must therefore be clearly understood, that although the plan of the Church, in Plate II., is based upon a very exact survey, and collated with Bernardino's and other authorities, yet that the section (Plate III) has been necessarily filled up in many parts from description alone: especially with respect to the relative altitudes of the pier-arches, triforium, clerestory, &c.; for which I have had to depend upon Bernadino's written measures; in which the sum is not always consistent with the items, and many of which he evidently only estimated by eye. But the most important part of this Section, namely, the relative levels of the Calvary, and of the Church of Helena, to the pavement of the Rotunda, has been supplied from the accurate measurements of Mr Scoles; and with respect to the general arrangement of the arches, galleries, and buildings, in this Section, I have no doubt whatever; beyond this degree of accuracy I cannot pretend.

The disposition of the triforium of the eastern apse is involved in much obscurity. Bernardino represents an upper gallery of the full width of the semicircular aisle below, and his description in words, p. 37, seems to imply that arrangement. On the other hand, the models omit this gallery altogether. I am inclined to take the middle course, of supposing that there was a gallery in the thickness of the wall, as I have shewn in the Section. The models also decorate the upper story of the apse with an arcade of nine arches, alternately pierced for windows; and this agrees with the numerous arches shewn in Le Bruyn's sketch, but not at all with Bernardino's.

An accurate research into the existing building by an architectural student, well versed in mediæval structures, would, I am confident, detect

sufficient remains of the Church before the fire in 1808, represented in my Sections, to form a much more complete and more exact one; and I trust that my attempt will induce some traveller to set about correcting my mistakes, and resolving the difficulties which I can only pretend to have pointed out; happy if in so doing I shall have succeeded in exciting the interest that always attaches to an object of research once indicated.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES, WITH
ADDITIONAL REMARKS.

PLATE I.

Fig. 1. PLAN of the supposed state of the ground at the time of the Crucifixion, (Sect. IX.) The outlines represent the present streets and the leading points of the plan of the Church. A, the Chapel of S. Helena; B, the high ground to the west of the Holy Sepulchre, which was lowered by Constantine's architects; C, the cliff, in the face of which the entrance of the Sepulchre was formed; D, the catacomb of which the tomb called of Joseph and Nicodemus is the remains; E, Mount Calvary. The hollow between this point and C was the place filled up by Hadrian with earth to conceal the Sepulchre; F, the rock-cistern, called the "Prison;" GI, St Stephen Street; IK, Sepulchre Street; K L, Patriarch Street; LM, the steep descent, which leads to the Entrance Court of the Church; MG, Palmer Street; GI was originally the line of the city wall, and the gate called the Porta Judiciaria was placed at I. The remaining letters of reference shew the points through which the Sections of the ground in Plate III., Fig. 11. are taken. Those Sections should be compared with the present Figure.

Fig. 2. Plan of the Basilica of Constantine. (Sect. X).

Fig. 3. Plan of the churches, as rebuilt by the Emperors of Constantinople, after their destruction by the Caliph Hakem in 1010; according to the description of Sewulf, in 1103 (Sect. XII), and also in illustration of Arculfus (Sect. XI). A, the Chapel of S. James; B, the Chapel of the Holy Trinity; C, the Chapel of S. John; D, the southeast door of the Round Church; E F G, the three eastern apses, conjecturally supplied; H, the north-east door; I, the Chapel of S. Mary ; J K L, the three western apses of the Round Church or Rotunda; M, the Chapel or Oratory of S. Mary over the Unction Stone; N, the Golgothan Church. The outline shews its probable extent in the days of Arculfus; P, the exedra mentioned by Arculfus, in which relics were kept; Q, the steps leading down to the Chapel of S. Helena (W) which is called by Arculfus the Basilica of Constantine, and by Sawulf and VOL. II. 19

William of Tyre, &c., the ruins of the basilica of Constantine; S, the paradise or open court; T, the corridor, or cloister-walk which led from the door H to the prison V. There was probably another corridor at R, leading to the Golgothan Church. a, the Compas 'or centre of the world; a b c d, the outer circumference or outer wall of the triple church, if Arculfus's description be literally correct; but, on account of the great rise of the ground at the west of the church, it is probable that this outer circle extended only through the eastern half da b, where it served as an external porticus. The middle wall of Arculfus with its three apses was the same as the present wall L K J in its western half, and its eastern half was probably completed, as the dotted line shews, in the form of a concentric circle, and may have had a fourth apse at F to contain the altar which he mentions. The doors of the circular wall must have been placed opposite the points D and H respectively. e, the well of St Helena; f, the outer door of the Golgothan church, before which the bodies of the dead were laid while the service was being performed in the apse of the church; g, the altar of Abraham; Y, the portal of Constantine's basilica, the remains of which still exist; Z, the position of the cistern, now called the Treasury of Helena.

PLATE II.

Fig. 4. General plan of the Church and its adjacent Chapels, as they existed before the fire of 1808. The walls are shaded with four different tints, to indicate, (1) the parts that are cut out of the rock, as far as I have been able to ascertain them; (2) the buildings that existed before the Crusaders' kingdom was established; (3) the Crusaders' buildings; (4) the subsequent buildings and appendages. The side-aisles and lower parts of the Church itself are separated from the central higher parts by a very light tint.

1, The Cave of the Holy Sepulchre; 2, the Angel's Chapel; 3, the platform which leads to it, which is raised three steps above the pavement of the Rotunda; 4, the arch which connects the Rotunda with the choir of the Crusaders, now the Greek Church; 5, the southern apse; 6, the tomb of Joseph of Arimathæa and Nicodemus; 7, the western apse, into which its present door opens; 8, the northern apse: this has a door which leads to the Latin or Franciscan convent, also to 9, the Greek Font, and 10, the well of Helena; 11, the conventkitchen; 12, the refectory; 13, passages and staircases to the dormitories which are above; 14, the Chapel of the Virgin Mary of the Apparition with its three altars and the seats of the choir: a round stone in the middle marks the place where Christ appeared to the Virgin; 15, a space at present enclosed as a sacristy for the Latins; 16, the steps leading up to the door of the chapel; 17, this was originally enclosed to form a recess for an altar of S. Mary Magdalene, but is now