committee of the O. T. A. At the State Association and in the county institutes is where I knew him best. In the latter, his instruction in physiology was so fine that I have cared to listen to few other instructors in that subject after him; while in physical geography I have never heard his work excelled. As Dr. Williams has said, "He could be severely scientific, yet lucid, attractive, and popular." He was a Christian without cant or affectation, sincere and winning.

A man who gives himself up solely to the study of science, who has an ear deaf to poetry and a heart sealed to humanity is never a leader of men. Dr. Edward Orten, while a scientist of more than national reputation was a student of all that was good in English literature, a citizen unselfish in his devotion to the interests of his city and his state, and a gentleman of such winning grace that when he passed away more than one of us spoke of the benediction of the presence that was taken from us.

Edward Orton was born March 9, 1829, at Deposit, New York. He became a resident of Ohio in 1865, and from that time as teacher and scholar was a leader among us. He began his work in our state as principal of the preparatory department of Antioch College.. He advanced soon to the professorship of natural history at that institution, and before long to the presidency of the college. At the end

of one year, however, in 1873, he was elected first president of the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College, now known as the Ohio State University. At the same time he took upon himself the duties of the chair of geology. In 1881 he resigned the presidency of the university, but retained his chosen professorship. I have known many students who regarded it as the greatest privilege of their college course to have been under the intensely interesting instruction of Dr. Orton. In 1882 he was appointed State Geologist. and he held this position to the time of his death, October 16, 1899. This widened the sphere of his acquaintance and he became not only a leader of students and teachers, but of farmers, miners, and business men. I think no citizen of Ohio has ever been spoken of with greater respect and admiration by people of all classes and conditions. of society. Although degrees were conferred upon him by universities, and scientific associations delighted in honoring him with high offices, he was the broad-minded, simplehearted gentleman to the last.

The other distinguished leaders in educational affairs in Ohio who have already answered to the rollcall above, are W. D. Henkle, Eli T. Tappan, John Hancock, Thomas W. Harvey, Robert W. Stevenson, Reuben McMillan, Andrew J. Rickoff, B. A. Hinsdale. The scholarly, earnest worker first men

tioned will not be considered at length in this article because if a history of the OHIO EDUCATIONAL MONTHLY is given, Mr. Henkle must be studied as one of its best editors.

Dr. B. A. Hinsdale has so recently passed away that the sketch of his life given in the pages of the MONTHLY must still be fresh in the minds of its readers. However, I wish to say that whoever had the privilege of reading the thoughtful articles on educational problems written by Dr. Hinsdale when he was superintendent of the Cleveland schools, must admit that he profoundly influenced thinkers among our superintendents and teachers.

As each boy at Rugby had his head-boy to whom he looked up with a reverence that stayed with him through life, so nearly every one in a profession has some one to whom from his earliest days he has looked up with very special regard. My head master was Dr. Eli T. Tappan. He gave me my first card of admission to the Steu, benville schools, of which he was superintendent when I was a little. girl. And when after my first year of teaching I came a timid, retiring, but earnest young teacher to the State Association he was the first one to welcome me there and to let me see with something of fatherly interest that he approved of my identifying myself with the Association. He was an inspiration in

my life for which I shall never cease to be grateful. But I am sure that with all my admiration for him, I cannot overestimate his clear and exact scholarship, his forcible and earnest speaking, his simple and direct style of writing, and his soul of honor which made him incapable of anything low or

mean.

Dr. Tappan practiced law successfully for nine years, but gave up this profession for the work of teaching, because he believed there was no other vocation in which he could do so much for humanity. He was superintendent of schools in Steubenville for a short time, professor of mathematics in Ohio University, teacher of the same subject in the Mt. Auburn Young Ladies' Institute, president of Kenyon College, and professor of mathematics and political economy in the same institution. With this college he remained until he entered upon the duties of State Commissioner of Schools, in 1887. Although in college work for nearly twenty-five years, he had full information on common school questions and deep sympathy with common school teachers. He served on the Board of State School Examiners, was president of the Ohio Teachers' Association, treasurer for two years of the National Educational Association, president in 1883 of this same organization, and a member of the National Council of the N. E. A.

Dr. Tappan entered upon the duties of State Commissioner of Schools with great interest and industry. His friends felt that he honored the office in accepting it, and heard with unspeakable regret of his early taking away from it. He died in October, 1888. His grand successor in office, Dr. John Hancock, wrote: "He fell, as I am sure he himself would have chosen to fall, at the post of dutyand leaves a wide space in the ranks of Ohio's educators, and a noble example to every one who would lead a worthy life."

How little Dr. Hancock thought when he penned these words that he should literally fall at the post of duty in the office of State Commissioner, in less than three years from that time!

On November 23, 1888, Gov. Foraker appointed him to fill the vacancy caused by Dr. Tappan's death; and at the state election in 1889 he was elected to the office for the term of three years. Dr. Hancock was one of the most popular men ever in the office. From his varied career he knew men as well as books. He had taught in country, village, and city schools. He had been a country boy and superintendent of the schools of a large city. The county institute, the State Association, the Ohio Teachers' Reading Circle, all bear witness to his leadership in educational matters in his own state. He was also president of the N. E. A.

and a member of the National Council of Education. Dr. Hancock was marked by that passionate love of good books which is often characteristic of those who are denied the privilege of completing college courses in their youth. As Dr. Findley beautifully says: "The story of Dr. Hancock's career is the old story of honesty, industry, self-reliance, and perseverance. In him was no guile. He loved right and hated wrong. He walked day by day on the line of rectitude."

Dr.

In 1892 there passed away another good man who had filled the office of Commissioner, Thomas W. Harvey. He was born. in New England, but came to Ohio when a boy of 12. His early education was secured in country schools and by his own private study. After teaching for two or three years, craving a better education he entered the Western Reserve Teachers' Seminary, at Kirtland. Here he had the good fortune to be under the instruction of Dr. Lord. Mr. Harvey taught in high schools and academies until he was called to the superintendency of the Massillon schools in 1851. Afterwards at two different times he was the honored superintendent of the Painesville schools. Dr. Harvey was a lover of good books and possessed one of the largest private libraries in the state. He was a great favorite of the teachers of Ohio, always closely identified with anything that tended to their

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advancement. When young teacher one of the attractions that drew me regularly to the State Association was to see the two that used to be playfully called "the old Tom and the young Tom," the two devoted friends-Dr. Harvey and Dr. Mendenhall, both well worth looking at, but better worth. knowing.

One was accustomed to look for Dr. R. W. Stevenson in this group of jolly good friends, who sometimes sat under the trees at Put-inBay, having such good times that younger teachers and even the "women-folk" looked upon them" longing to be asked to join the party. To make and keep many friends among good men and women one must have sterling qualities of head and heart. Mr. Stevenson made friends everywhere; in Dresden, where he held his first position as superintendent; in Norwalk where for eleven years he gave the schools wise and brilliant guidance; and in Columbus where for eighteen years he held the respect and regard of citizens, the love of children, and the unbounded loyalty of conscientious and thoughtful teachers.

Dr. Stevenson was secretary of the State Association in 1860, and its president in 1870. He was also a member of the Board of Control of the Ohio Teachers' Reading Circle. In 1891 he was made secretary of the N. E. A., and in 1892 was re-elected secretary for two years,

but died in 1893 before the expiration of his term of office. In 1883 he was elected to the National Council of Education.

Not until 1899 did the angel of death call again for our leaders.

In March of that. year died Andrew J. Rickoff, of whom it was said in the N. E. A.: "He was regarded as one of the best school superintendents in the country, and has often been called the father of the graded school system," and later in the year Reuben McMillan, the most unselfishly devoted friend that the Ohio Teachers' Association has ever had.

Andrew J. Rickoff was born at New Hope, N. J., in 1824, but moved with his parents to Cincinnati in 1830. The education begun in the public schools of that city was completed in the University of Ohio. At seventeen he began to teach in rural schools. Afterwards. he was principal, then superintendent of the schools of Cincinnati. But it was as the superintendent of the schools of Cleveland that he made that reputation which places him at the forefront of city superintendents of our nation. He served that city as its educational leader from 1867 to 1882. Aaron Gove, of Denver, says: "In all my life and in all my study and observation of the schools and school superintendents of the country, not one character stands out more prominently in my mind than that of Andrew J. Rickoff." Dr.

Rickoff was pre-eminent for skill and power in the administration of a city school system; but I think his royal kindness had much to do with making him the great educational leader he became.

Reuben McMillan, the friend and associate of all the great men of whom I have written, the father, as it were of the men and women now taking the active lead in educational work in Ohio, was born in our state in 1820. He was what is often called a self-educated man. He was superintendent of schools. in Hanoverton, New Lisbon, Salem, and Youngstown. His influence over his pupils was always a powerful one. I have known men eminent in war, in politics, and in

church, who delight to acknowledge their debt of gratitude to "Father McMillan," as they fondly call him, for what he did for them in their earlier years.

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Although Mr. Mr. McMillan came a life member of the National Educational Association in 1879, I think his choicest counsels and deepest affections were ever given to the teachers in his own state.

In conclusion, if I were asked what made these men leaders, what constitutes their claim to our unbounded gratitude, I should say their unselfishness. Not one of them sought to advance his own interests at the expense of the rights of others. By "being servants" they became "chiefs."