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ABSTRACT OF THE ACCOUNTS OF THE ROYAL SCOTTISH GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY
From 31st October 1890 to 31st October 1891.

Debt, cost, 29th May 1885,

Cash in Bank of Scotland

FUNDS AT THE CLOSE OF LAST ACCOUNT:

£1000 Glasgow and South-Western Railway 4 per cent. Funded

On Deposit Receipt, dated 15th August 1889, Account Current at Glasgow, £345, 18s. 11d.; and at Edinburgh, £297, 14s. 4d.,

MAGAZINES, Printing, Paper, Lithographing, etc., from Nos. 8 to
Postages,
12 of Vol. VI., and 1 to 7 of Vol. VII., all inclusive, and for

Less: Received during the year for Advertising,

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GENERAL PRINTING,

BOOKS and other Furnishings for Library,

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ENTRANCE FEES, 37 at £1, 1s.,

£38 17 0

ORDINARY SUBSCRIPTIONS :

15 Life Members,

155 8 0

1 Annual Subscription for 1885-86, 2 Annual Subscriptions for 1886-87,

2 2

3

Do.

1887-88,

3 3 0

6

Do.

1888-89,

660

57

Do.

1889-90,

59 17 0

1232

Do.

1890-91,

1293 12 0

11

Do.

1891-92,

11 11 0

1

Do.

1892-93,

1 1 0

FEES received for Society's Diploma,
SUMS received under the Society's Scheme for the
encouragement of Geographical Education,.

PROCEEDS OF LECTURES in Edinburgh, Dundee, Aber

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deen, and Glasgow,

PROCEEDS OF MAGAZINES sold,

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DIVIDENDS and BANK INTEREST,

RECEIPTS from Loan of Maps,

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RENTS OF HALLS, and other expenses of Lectures,

RENT OF SOCIETY'S HALL, Taxes and Gas, Repairs, Insurance, etc.,

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MISCELLANEOUS, including Stationery, Wages to Hall Porter,
Charges, Postages, and Office Furniture,
Messenger, General Expenses, Advertising, Cleaning, Bank

Gallery,
FURTHER EXPENSES of Removal to New Premises in National Portrait

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39 10 0

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0 17 0

11 9 6

150 7 5

1749 9 2

£3631 10 6

which the above is an Abstract, and compared them with the Vouchers and Instructions thereof, and Bind the same correct and sufficiently vouched Edinburgh, 5th November 1891.--I have examined the Accounts of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society for the year ending 31st October 1891, of

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The Expenditure for 1890-91 includes several exceptional items that are scarcely to be classed under the head of ordinary current expenditure. The following are the chief items:-(1) £50 for a special Magazine Grant, which, under arrangements that have been concluded, will be recouped by the Society next year; (2) £30, included in the Magazine Account, recoverable on sales of the Society's Magazine; (3) the outlay of £39, 10s. from the Medal Fund, towards which the Society received £95, 15s. 1d. from the Edinburgh International Exhibition; and (4) £58, 12s. 1d. on account of Removal Expenses from the Special Fund of £257, 4s., which was included in the last year's Financial Statement. The total of these items is £178, 2s. 1d., making the Ordinary Expenditure for the past year £1703, 19s. 3d. The following Table exhibits the annual Balances of the Society since its foundation in 1884 :

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The Accounts for the year 1890 included not only the exceptional receipts resulting from the visit of Mr. Stanley to Scotland, but also a sum of £257, 4s., already referred to as the Removal Fund, only a portion of which was expended.

MEETINGS OF THE SOCIETY.

Tho Society held 23 Meetings during the Session,-11 in Edinburgh (including the Annual Business Meeting, the Reception by the Council, and two Special Meetings), 6 in Glasgow, 3 in Dundee, and 3 in Aberdeen.

The papers read at these Meetings were contributed by :-Mr. E. G. Ravenstein (who delivered the Anniversary Address), Professor Douglas, Captain A. C. Yate, Dr. Carl Peters, the Rev. Dr. Stewart, Sir Charles Wilson, Mr. W. B. Blaikie, Professor Vambéry, and Mr. Dennis Doyle.

EDUCATION SCHEME.

Dr. Mill's Course of Lectures on "The Earth and Man" in the early part of the year met with such gratifying success, and was so highly appreciated by teachers, that the Council, on the recommendation of the Education Committee, decided to promote similar Courses of Lectures, and to abandon the Examination Scheme.

The Council have pleasure in announcing that, during the Winter Session of 1891-92, two Courses of Lectures have been arranged. Taken together they cover the field of Physical Geography. The First Course will be delivered before Christmas by Professor James Geikie on “The Origin of Surface-Features." The Second Course will be given after Christmas by Dr. Hugh R. Mill on Air and Sea: a Sketch of Meteorology and Oceanography."

In the opinion of the Council the best way to promote the sound teaching of Geography in schools is to enlighten the teachers, and that is one of the chief aims of the Educational Lectures promoted by the Society.

SCOTTISH GEOGRAPHICAL MAGAZINE.

The Council, in approving of the manner in which the Magazine has been conducted, desire to express their recognition of the services of those who have contributed the signed articles and of the valuable aid accorded to the Editors by:—

J. G. Bartholomew, Esq.; J. T. Bealby, Esq.; Friedrich Bosse, Esq.; Dr. James Burgess; W. Scott Dalgleish, Esq.; Colonel Dods; Dr. Dods; Dr. Robert W. Felkin; John Geddie, Esq.; John Gunn, Esq.; Dr. Hugh R. Mill; J. W. M'Crindle, Esq.; Ralph Richardson, Esq.; Charles Robertson, Esq.; General Sir Robert M. Smith; Coutts Trotter, Esq.; and the Rev. W. Dundas Walker.

The Council are specially indebted to Dr. John Murray for the valuable and important papers which he has contributed to the Magazine.

LIBRARY AND MAP DEPARTMENTS.

A Classified Catalogue of the books in the Society's Library has been prepared by Mr. W. A. Taylor, the Assistant Librarian, with the assistance of Dr. Dods and Mr. George A. Craig; and copies have lately been issued to Members. The number of books lent out last Session was 1173, as compared with 671 for the previous Session.

The following accessions were added to these Departments during the past Session:- Books and pamphlets, 598; periodicals, 114; atlases, 9; maps (sheets), 224.

The Council desire to record their indebtedness to the donors of books, maps, charts, and photographs. The various Colonial and Foreign Governments with whom the Society have relations continue to send their official publications as issued. Among private donors to the Library may be mentioned-Mr. W. B. Blaikie, Professor Emile Chaix, and Mr. John Cockburn. The Council are specially indebted to Mr. James Jackson, the Librarian of the Paris Geographical Society, for his gift of 430 Photographs-most of them mounted. These will form the basis of a Collection which it is intended to institute in the Map-room.

During the past Session the amount of money expended in purchases and library expenses was £25, 14s. 9d., and for binding, £19, 18s. 9d.; making a total expenditure of £45, 13s. 6d.

PLACE-NAMES COMMITTEE.

A Committee of the Council has been appointed with the object of co-operating with the Director-General of the Ordnance Survey of the United Kingdom in the revision of Scottish Place-Names. Dr. James Burgess is the Convener.

EXPLORATION.

The Society's scientific instruments, valued at £40, have again been lent to Mr. D. J. Rankin, who is continuing his explorations in the Loangwa-Zambezi basin.

For the Council,

EDINBURGH, 5th November 1891.

COGNITA

ARTHUR SILVA WHITE,
Secretary.

INDEX: VOL. VII.

In the following Index the ALPHABETICAL ORDER is adhered to throughout. The more important references and all sub-headings of Articles are indicated by small capitals. Names of Books and of Vessels are in Italics; titles of Papers in deeper type. Contraction, rev. Review in the Magazine.

=

AAI Van Mountains, 94. Aaland Islands, Profr. Cohen at the, 663.

Aalborg, Meaning of the Name, 320.

Aarbog for Dansk Kultur

historie (Bjerge), rev., 392. Aargau, Meaning of the Name, 316.

Abaco Islands, Maps of, 610.
Abbeys, Border, and Abbotsford
(MacLeod), rev., 456.
Aberdare Mountains, 208.
Aberdeen, Population of, 491.
Abottabad Route, 217.
Abyssinia, Area and Popula-
tion of, 270.

Early Mapping of, 541.
Early Notices of, 300,

310.

Expedition to, 451.
ACCENTUATION OF AFRICAN
NAMES, 372.

Acclimatisation, On. By Robert
W. Felkin, M.D., F.R.S E.,

647.

ACCOUNTS OF THE ROYAL SCOTTISH GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY, 686.

Achal Pass, Crossing of the, 33.

Acheen, Want of Knowledge
concerning, 158.

Across East African Glaciers
(Meyer), rev., 100.
Adamawa, Lieut. Morgen at,
665.

Adams, W. H. Davenport,
The Story of our Lighthouses
and Lightships, rev., 229.
Ade Ade, Signor Modigliani
at, 614.

Adelaide, Population of, 671.
Railway to, 670.
River, Country on the,

670.

Trade of, 411. VOL. VII.

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Aderar, M. Sabatier on, 497.
Admiralty, Falsification of the
'Challenger' Record (Jordan),
rev., 282.

Adonara, Gardens of, 449.
Adulis, Greek Merchants at,
300.

Adventure and Travel, Recent,
rev., 112.

Adventures in Nyassaland
(Fotheringham), rev., 224.
Adzösö, Mr. Luke at, 498.
Aegypter, Religion der Alten.
(Wiedemann), rev., 281.
Aequatoria, Zehn Jahre in,
und die Rückkehr mit Emin
Pacha (Casati), rev., 278.
Æthicus, Geographical Work
of, 306.

Afer Coast, Ivory Hunting on
the, 301.

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way in, 623.

mercial Interests in, 63.

Trade Prospects in,

Maps of, 136.

418.

Russian Trade with, 612.
Survey of, 612.

Africa, Ancient Gold Fields of,

121.

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Elevation in, 480.
Equatorial, Geology of,

The King of the
Belgians on, 623.

French, Area and Population of, 269, 270.

GEOGRAPHICAL NOTES ON, 36, 96, 160, 207, 268, 325, 380, 443, 496, 616, 665.

German, Area and Population of, 270.

East, Area and Population of, 270.

Inhabitants of the Interior of, a Superior Race, 8. Italian, Area and Population of, 270.

Explorers in (Bom3 C

piani), rev., 631.

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TRIBAL NAMES OF, 374.
Unappropriated, Area and
Population of, 270.

West, German Trade with
377.

The Ewe-Speaking
Peoples of the Slave Coast of
(Ellis), rev., 48.

Yield of Ivory from, 673.
African Association, Trade of
the, 498.

Lands, On the Compara-
tive Value of. By Arthur
Silva White, F.R.S.E., 191.

Names, The Orthography
of, and the Principles of No-
menclature. By W. A. Elmslie,
M.B., C.M., 370.

Republic, South. See
Transvaal.

The Arab and the (Pruen),
rev., 561.
Africaner, Jonker, Wars of,
515.

Afrika (Sievers), rev., 629.
Afrique, La Traite des Esclaves
en, rev., 172.

Agassiz, Profr., Dredgings by,
502.

Paper by, noticed,

165.
Agatharchides on Abssynia,
300.

Agathodæmon, Maps by, 539.
Agriculture and Rural Econ-
omy of Australia and New
Zealand (Wallace), rev.,
623.

of Bombay, 220.
of Colorado, 525.

of Flores, 448.

of Rhodes, 615.

of Rio Grande do Sul,
555.

of South West Africa, 518.
of Sumatra, 159.
of Tashkent, 74.

of the Kuen Lun Moun-
tains, 613.

of Tierra del Fuego, 557.
See also Crops.
Agrio, Rio, Volcano near the,
38.

Agrippa, Cartography in the
Time of, 538.

Agulhas, Cape, and Cape Leeu.
win, Shortest Route be-
tween, 385.

Ahmadabad, Meaning of the
Name, 314.

Ahmet, Particulars regarding,
497.

Aïbu-Ghir, Lake, 379.
Aids to Practical Geology
(Cole), rev., 168.
Aimé, M., referred to, 263.
Aino People, Number of, in
Yezo, 613.

Ainscough, J. Ashton, London
of the Past, 112.

Aitken, Mr., referred to, 263.
Ajawa People, 658.
Ajmere, Maps of. 144.
A. K., Explorations of, 429.
Akaringa Creek, Junction of,
with the Lora, 32.
Akinakombo, Agriculture at,
115.
Aksu, Meaning of the Name,
319.

Alabama, Maps of, 595.
Alaha, Rev. Mr. Edgerley at,
498.

Alamosa, Water Supply of,

531.

Alaska, and British Territory,
Boundary between, 100.
Expedition to, 444.
Maps of, 608.

With Sack and Stock in
(Broke), rev., 512.
Albatross, Cruise of the, 502.
Albert Nyanza, Lake, Dis-
covery of, 302.

Albert, Prince, of Monaco at
Berne, 548.

Alberta, Population of, 668.
Alcantara, Meaning of the
Name, 319.

Alcock, Surgeon, Report by,
552.

Aldensberg, Cave of, Discov-
eries in the, 673.

Alderney, Population of, 486.
Alegre, Porto, Population of,
554.

"Alerte," The Cruise of the
(Knight), rev., 228.
Alexander, Capt. James, Ex-
plorations of, 471, 520.

the Great, referred to, 65.
Alexis Bros., referred to, 549.
Alford, Charles J., F.G.S.,

Geological Features of the
Transvaal, rev., 396.
Alfra, Paper on, noticed,

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Alis, Harry, A la Conquête du
Chad, rev. 627.

Allahabad, Meaning of the
Name, 314.

Alleghany Mountains, Eleva-
tion of the, 10.

Allnut, Mr., Tidal Observations
by, 215.

Alluvium carried by the
Whang-ho, 76.

See also Sediment.
Almanac, Nautical, and Tide
Tables, Pearson's General,
rev., 53.

The Natal, rev., 456.
Alness, Earthquake at, 32.
Alpine Exhibits at Berne, 550.
Glaciers, Advance of, 93.
Alps, Ancient Trade over the,
547.

as a Boundary, 5.
Carnic, Derivation of the
Name, 318.

511.

Dr. Diener on the, 332.
Eastern (Baedeker), rer.,

Pennine, Climber's
Guide to the (Conway), rev.,
456.

Experiments in Gravita-
tion on the, 331.

Southern, of New Zealand,

329.

Alsace-Lorraine, Population of,
377.

Altenburg, Meaning of the
Name, 316.

Alternatives to Britannic Con-
federation. By Maurice H.
Hervey, 569.

Alupka, Soundings off, 274.

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