gives way and vows: "Pretty child, sleep doubtless and secure, That Hubert for all the wealth o' the world, will not offend thee." Once more the boy cries out to us, as he makes a last, desperate venture for blessed freedom: "Ah me, my uncle's spirit is in these stones!" Well might those stone walls echo that cry, since it was by John's damned hands, that Arthur's jewel of life was robbed and ta'en away."

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Mamillius is an embryo dandy and a great chatterer, too. He is not old enough to have much book-lore, but he is full of quaint, childish learning about ghosts and sprites and old tales that crones tell in firelight. He is so solemn and owl-like, as he whispers softly of churchyards, that it is well we have seen him only a moment ago, like any healthy, every-day boy, trouble his mother, till he is "past endurance." My gracious lord does not mind any rebuff, however, and, aping the dandy, answers the court ladies. Not one whit abashed by all their attentions, he gayly chatters away. In a lordly manner he rejects one of them: "I'll have none of you. You'll kiss me hard and speak to me as if I were a baby still." He soon proves, by his wonderful lecture on female eyebrows, that he does not deserve a baby's treatment. He is a severe critic. He likes not a lady with a blue nose; he is really alarming us by his learning that he got out of women's faces, when he suddenly becomes a child again. He nestles up to Hermione and, peeping wisely from under her sheltering arms, offers, as all real children do, to tell a tale of goblins and sprites. It begins in the style of good, old-fashioned stories: "There was a man." Mamillius whispers low-for the wonderful man dwelt where churchyards yawn; he sharply looks to see whether we shiver; but Leontes entering stops forever the story. It was to have been a sad one : A sad tale's best for winter," he says; and on this childish cue the dramatist has called his own drama, "The Winter's Tale.

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Mamillius startles with his knowledge and amuses with his prattle; though he has so much of the baby about him, he has enough of York's spirit, that, were he opposed to an uncle's harshness, he would undoubtedly make that unfortunate man

long for the tomb. Indeed, one often wonders whether Leontes did not feel the sting of the child's plain-spoken wit when Mamillius discovered Hermione's fate. Yet, with all the sharpness and bluntness that made the court-ladies wince, our little man is a loving fellow, who cheers his mother's weary hours, and loves her with the warmth of his heart, a heart not the less tender because he chatters at the wrong time. During the long years of her exile Hermione must have often yearned to open her arms to the merry boy, and shout: "Come now, I'm for you again."

now.

Macduff's son, even in his tragic death, does not awaken our sympathy and love as do our other little friends. He is truly a brave child to call a cruel ruffian a "shag-haired villain; but then he is too sage and long-headed. What might he have become if fate had spared him? He has so much knowledge Why, young as he is, he knows all about traps set for rich men, traitors, liars, and swearers. He makes a few innocent and childlike remarks about living as birds do; but such a wiseacre would not possibly have lived in that unworldly style, as he hints he would probably have looked out for a new father. In his death, however, he shows his loving heart, as he cries to his mother to save herself from the fate that has overtaken him.

All these children, in different ways, are attractive. This worldly-wise little man, merry, happy, winsome Mamillius ; even the gibing York; and, above all, the children of an older growth, the wise Arthur and the gentle Prince; all are bright with the heavenly colors, in which the creations of the masterpoet are painted. HELEN MAR BRIDGES.

JAMES ORCHARD HALLIWELL-PHILLIPPS. JAMES ORCHARD HALLIWELL was born in Chelsea, in London, in 1820. His first appearance in literature was "A Brief Account of the Life, Writings, and Invention of Sir Samuel Moreland, Master of Mechanics to Charles the Second," a modest little

8vo, published in Cambridge in 1838, its author being, it seems, already, at the age of eighteen, immersed in the archæological studies, which he never relinquished until death, at the ripe age of sixty-eight, overtook him in the midst of his great collections, his pen in hand and his treasured associates around him. This modest work was followed the next year by an edition of the works of Sir John Mandeville, which first attracted attertion to his abilities and began the reputation which was to be added to so constantly that in 1881 the Librarian of Harvard. College was able to contribute to the bibliographical collections of that institution a list of two hundred and sixty-two works edited or composed by him-inclusive of his immortal folio Shakespeare in twenty volumes. In 1840 Mr. Halliwell was appointed examiner of manuscripts in the Chetham Library of Manchester, which institution was founded by Sir Thomas Chetham, merchant, of that town, a contemporary of William Shakespeare (1580-1653), and which still preserves his quaint collection of volumes which made the nucleus of the present library which bears his name.

Mr. Halliwell soon became attracted to the Elizabethan branch of his chosen field of Archæology, and to the foremost figure of that era; and in 1840 he-in conjunction with Payne Collier; the secretary, Mr. F. G. Tomlins; the treasurer, Mr. Dilke, grandfather of the present Sir Charles Dilke; Rev. William Harness, Charles Knight, Campbell, the poet; Macready, Alexander Dyce, Douglas Jerrold, Sergeant Talfourd, Thomas Wright, and Young the tragedian; and shortly afterward Bolton Corney, Charles Dickens, Henry Hallam, J. R. Planché, and Peter Cunningham, Mr. Dilke, Boyle Bernard, Knight Bruce, John Forster, Rev. H. H. Milman, and Sir George Rosefounded the Shakespeare Society, which came to an untimely end through the discovery of the Collier forgeries of 1865.

Owing to the change in name, by which James Orchard Halliwell became J. O, Halliwell-Phillipps, a change which is said to have been a condition to the acceptance of a fortune bequeathed to him, two distinct epochs appear in his life. He used his wealth always and exclusively to further his re

searches. Some of his publications appealed to so narrow a circle of readers that very small editions were printed, the cost of books dear to the bibliophile being to some extent offset by the value they attained owing to their rarity. But there is not a volume under his name which has not the largest value for his disciples, and those who follow in the studies that were so near and dear to him.

Of the three classes of people with whom the name Halliwell has been for the last forty years one to conjure by-students of English, because of the sterling value of his "Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words," now about to be superseded by the New Dictionary founded on the Philological Society's materials (third edition of 1855); students of English life, manners, and customs in the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth centuries, and the great army of Shakespearians-the last have reaped the greatest benefit from Mr. Halliwell-Phillipps's labors, for since 1843, when he published an account of the only known manuscript of Shakespeare's plays, and 1851, when he edited "A Neat Boke about Shakespeare," down to his most recent researches in the garrets of old houses of Stratford-onAvon, he has been true to his passion.

The folio edition of Shakespeare will remain the largest record of this antiquary in the very long list of his publications. It was issued by subscription, was to have been in 20 volumes, and cost $210. In 1855, when five had been issued, the price was advanced to $315, but as it was promised that only 150 copies should be printed, the subscribers were, doubtless, willing enough. This magnificent edition of Shakespeare, in fifteen folio volumes, was then in course of publication, five volumes having appeared. This is his magnum opus, as editor. It presents a thorough collation of the early editions of the poet's works, all the original novels and tales on which the plays are founded, copious archæological illustrations to each play, and a life of the poet. As the edition was limited to 150 copies, it is now hard to obtain. When a copy comes into the market, by the sale of a private library, it commands a high price. A copy was sold in Philadelphia, a few years ago, for $1200.

It would be impossible to say which of Mr. Halliwell-Phillipps's vast list comes next to this in importance. He so assiduously, incessantly, and minutely hunted for every scrap of information, so ransacked the great book-rooms, muniment and manuscript rooms of every ancient building in England, and so faithfully reported the results in pamphlet or diagram, that no comparative estimate can be made where all are unique and invaluable. But by some his name is better known to a less limited field than by others. Such monumental works as "Morte d'Arthur from the Lincoln Manuscripts," "Two Essays on Numerical Calculation," "Collection of Pieces in the Dialect of Zummerzet" (1843), "Early History of Freemasonry in England" (1844), "Grosteste's Castle of Love," quarto, "Illustrations of the History of Prices," "Jokes of the Cambridge Coffee-Houses in the Seventeenth Century," "The Voiage and Travaile" of Sir John Mandeville, "The Connexion of Wales with the Early Science of England," "The Harrowing of Hell" (1840), and "Popular Rhymes and Nursery Tales " (1849), most readily occur to us.

In consequence of Mr. Halliwell's devotion to themes dear to antiquaries and his taste for publishing books that require learning and leisure to edit, whenever book collectors see his name on a title-page they are sure to covet the volume. He was foremost in securing Shakespeare's home mansion at New Place, at Stratford-on-Avon, for the town corporation, and all must give him honor for his indefatigable zeal, continued long after he had passed his sixtieth year. Other men, having passed thirty or forty years working and publishing, and having received long past middle age a large fortune, would be apt to rest and leave the field to younger aspirants. But Mr. Halliwell-Phillips kept on producing long beyond the ordinary term of literary productiveness for the great majority of men. But Mr. Halliwell-Phillips's most memorable work-even greater than the great folio edition-is his "OUTLINES." In 1881 he printed at Brighton, "for presents only," "Outlines of the Life of Shakespeare," on the title-page of which is a motto from the thirtieth Sonnet: