HAMILTON'S CAPITULATION.

447

CHAP.

for retributive punishment of any kind was heard LXIV.

from him.

1648

Scottish

Nor did the political side of the strife escape The Cromwell's notice. "The greatest part by far of nobility. the nobility of Scotland," he wrote, " are with Duke Hamilton." 1 In Scotland, as in England, the question of the supremacy of King or Parliament was giving way to a strife of classes.

astrous

Hamilton at least was no longer in case to be a disthe champion of any cause. His wearied horsemen retreat. staggered on as best they might. might. At first they thought of making their way to Byron. Their next hope was to join Sir Henry Lingen, who had, as they believed, risen in Herefordshire. Abandoning this plan after leaving Malpas, they wheeled round to the east, hoping to return to Scotland by fetching a compass wide enough to avoid falling in with their pursuers. As they pressed on they were harassed by the trained bands of the counties through which they passed, Middleton, the most capable of their officers, being taken prisoner on the way.

Hamilton at Uttoxe

ter.

Aug. 25.

lation.

On the 22nd, with rapidly diminishing numbers, Aug. 22. Hamilton reached Uttoxeter. There the soldiers mutinied, refusing to go farther. On the 25th Hamilton offered to capitulate to the governor of Staf- His capituford. Before the terms had been agreed on, Lambert appeared on the scene. Commissioners on both sides were appointed, and articles of surrender were agreed on and signed. Then Lord Grey of Groby rode in with a body of horse from Leicestershire and seized on Hamilton as his prisoner. Lambert, however, insisted on the observance of the articles signed. Hamilton and all with him were to be prisoners of

1 Cromwell to Lord Grey of Groby, Aug. 20, Clarke Trials, fol.

CHAP.

LXIV.

1648

Callander

dale ride

off.

war, having the lives and safety of their persons assured to them.'1

The day before this catastrophe Callander and and Lang Langdale, with such of their followers as they could persuade to accompany them, separated themselves from Hamilton and rode off towards Ashbourne. Callander's Scottish horse, however, soon mutinied and refused to go farther, whilst Langdale and a small party of English continued their journey alone, hoping to escape unnoticed. They were, however, Langdale detected not far from Nottingham, and were taken captured. prisoners and lodged in Nottingham Castle. Callander was more fortunate. He succeeded in reaching Callander London, and in due time he made good his escape into Holland.2

escapes.

upon

The mass of Scottish prisoners captured in Lancashire were a sore burden the resources of Parliament, and on September 4 the House of Commons appointed a committee to make a distinction between those who had taken service under Hamilton by compulsion and those who had taken it voluntarily. Those who belonged to the former-that is to say, the great majority-were to be released on an engagement never again to enter England as soldiers without the leave of the English Parliament. Those who belonged to the latter were to be shipped to the plantations beyond sea-that is to say, to be bound to servile labour under the broiling sun of Barbadoes. When no more were required by the plantations, the remainder were to be despatched to Venice to serve under the Republic.

1 Burnet, vi. 64; Turner's Memoirs, 70; Clarke Trials, fol. 107b. 2 Langdale's narrative, Chetham Soc. Civil War Tracts of Lancashire, 270; Burnet, vi. 64.

3 C.J. vi. 5.

CHAPTER LXV.

THE SURRENDER OF COLCHESTER.

CHAP.

LXV.

1648

Aug. 17. Rout of Lingen.

EVERY Royalist in England knew that the blow struck at Preston had crushed his last hopes. Local risings, even if successful, would no longer be able to look for a delivering army round which to rally. Alone they could accomplish nothing. Lingen, from whom much had been expected, had risen prematurely in Herefordshire, had been chased into Montgomeryshire, and had there been routed on August 17,1 the day on which Cromwell burst on Langdale from Ribble Moor. A few days later Byron, on his reception of the news from the North, drew back Byron's hastily to Anglesea, whence he ultimately made his retreat. way to the Isle of Man.2

On no one can the rout of Preston have fallen more heavily than on Lauderdale, who, on August 10, reached the Downs full of confidence in his own powers of persuasion to remove the obstacles which had hitherto stood in the way of the Prince's journey to Hamilton's headquarters. On his arrival he found the Royalists in good heart. The castles in the Downs had been relieved, and news had arrived that the London citizens were collecting money to ransom

1 L.J. x. 686. Webb, in the Civil War in Herefordshire, ii. 422, prints Lingen's proclamation with the date of Aug. 22.

a misprint for Aug. 12.

2 Byron's Relation, Clar. St. P. ii. 418.

III.

This must be

G G

Aug. 10.

Lauderdale

in the

Downs.

CHAP.
LXV.

1648

Aug. 14.

the captured vessels. On the 14th, however, a force which had landed to drive off the besiegers under Colonel Rich from before Deal, was itself driven

A repulse back to the ships with heavy loss.2

before

Deal.

A negotiation

with the Prince.

In the meanwhile Lauderdale was urging the Prince to submit to the Scottish terms. With the lad himself, eager as he was for action, he found little difficulty. The Prince readily consented to come to Scotland unaccompanied by his proscribed followers, and, though he pleaded hard that an exception might be made in favour of Rupert, Rupert himself declined to be made a bone of contention, and it was finally arranged that he should remain in Holland till the Scots had accepted his professions of friendship. Lauderdale's next proposal that the Prince, as long as he remained in Hamilton's army, should conform to the Presbyterian worship, excited more resistance, Hopton and Gerard declaring strongly against its acceptance. Lauderdale was consequently informed that the Prince could not give the required promise without his father's permission, and that some time must elapse before that permission could be obtained. Lauderdale, who was too shrewd an observer of human nature to be easily baffled, replied that the negotiation with which he was charged admitted of no delay, and that if he could not have an immediate answer he would return to Scotland on the morrow. The future Charles II. was not prepared to sacrifice his inclination to a religious scruple, and on the 16th he formally announced accepts the his acceptance of the whole of the Scottish terms.

Aug. 16.

The Prince

Scottish terms.

It was now arranged that the Prince should sail

1 See p. 426.

2 Instructions to Lauderdale, July 2; Lauderdale to Lanark, Aug. 10, Hamilton Papers, 232, 237; L.J. x. 685.

LAUDERDALE'S DIPLOMACY.

451

LXV.

1648

terian

designs.

for Berwick with as little delay as possible, and CHAP. should make his way from that point to Hamilton's head-quarters, wherever they might happen to be. PresbyLauderdale saw with pleasure that the partisans of sign the Scottish alliance had gained an ascendency over the Prince, and that Lord Willoughby of Parham, one of those who pronounced most strongly in its favour, received, in addition to his command of the fleet as vice-admiral, a commission which placed him at the head of the land-forces in Suffolk, Norfolk, Lincolnshire, and in two other counties.1 Lauderdale's pleasure was the greater as Willoughby assured him that he intended to employ none but Presbyterians, and named the Presbyterian Poyntz as his majorgeneral. Another force, composed of the men of the English regiments discharged from the Dutch service after the peace, was to be despatched to Scarborough to raise the Royalists of Yorkshire, and of these Newcastle was to be the general and Wilmot the lieutenant-general.2 It is true that neither Newcastle nor· Wilmot professed to be Presbyterians, but they both declared their readiness to favour the Presbyterians and to support the alliance with the Scots.

pointment

Cavaliers.

The success of Lauderdale's mission was bitterly Disapfelt by the old Cavaliers, who, after shedding their of the blood for Church and King, found that they had no favour to expect at the Court of the heir-apparent. "Sir Marmaduke," wrote Lauderdale on the 20th, in ignorance that but three days before the man whom he despised had alone of all Hamilton's officers won honour at Preston, "is not at all valued here." The great Marquis of Montrose was regarded with equal

1 Their names are not given.

2 Lauderdale to Lanark, Aug. 26, Hamilton Papers, 248; Sir E. Verney to Sir R. Verney, Sept. f, Verney MSS.