THIRTEEN ENGLISH COLONIES. VIRGINIA. Settled first at Jamestown, 1607. NEW YORK.-Settled first at New York (by the Dutch) 1614; became English, 1664. MASSACHUSETTS.-Settled first at Plymouth, 1620; at Salem, 1629. province, 1675. CONNECTICUT.-Settled first at Windsor, 1633; at New Haven, 1638. RHODE ISLAND.-Settled first at Providence, 1636; at Newport, 1638. DELAWARE.-Settled first at Christiana (by Swedes) 1638; granted to Penn, 1682. PENNSYLVANIA.-Settled first near Philadelphia, 1643; granted to 9. PENNSYLY NORTH CAROLINA.-Settled first near Albemarle Sound, 1663. ENGLISH SOVEREIGNS DURING THE FIRST COLONIAL PERIOD. ELIZABETH, A. D. 1558–1603, authorized adventures of Frobisher, Davis, Drake, Gilbert, and Raleigh (22 50-54). JAMES I., A. D. 1603–1625, gave charters to the London and Plymouth companies; made laws for Virginia; wrote a "Counterblast" against tobacco; offended English Puritans, who took refuge in Holland and America (2255, 74-76). CHARLES I., A. D. 1625–1649, gave charter to Massachusetts and proprietary patent for Maryland; at the end of civil war with Parliament, was condemned and beheaded (?? 70, 85, 125, 126). CHARLES II., A. D. 1660–1685, gave popular charters to Connecticut and Rhode Island; proprietary patents for all the country east of the Kennebec, and west and south of the Connecticut as far as Florida and the Mississippi; renewed "Navigation Acts" which bore heavily on the colonies (22128-130). JAMES II., A. D. 1685–1688, as Duke of York, proprietor of eastern Maine, New York, and New Jersey; as king, sends Andros to govern all the colonies east of the Delaware (122, 123, 129, 136, 139). QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW.—PART I. Section I. 2. What is known concerning the Mound Builders? 1-4 5 3. Describe the cruises of the Icelanders. 6-10 4. Sketch the main physical features of the United States. 5. Sketch the appearance, customs, and tribal divisions of 12-19 Tell the story of Columbus. Describe the consequent maritime adventures of En glish, Portuguese, and Spaniards. Describe the inland explorations of Narvaez, De Soto, French adventures and early attempts at settlement. Describe the Spanish explorations and settlements in Describe the English voyages and vain attempts at set- 37-40 41, 42 43-46 47 48 49-54 14. 15. Describe the first English colony that kept its ground. 55-62 63-67 16. Tell the story of Bacon's rebellion. 68, 69 17. 18. Describe the foundation and government of Maryland. 70-73 pendents. 74-76 Describe the beginning of Rhode Island. How were religious differences regarded in Massachu 92, 93 setts ? 25. Describe the Pequod War. 90-94, 99 94, 95 28. 29. Describe King Philip's War. What was done by the Dutch in exploring and 30. What by the Swedes? 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. What changes were made under Governors Kieft and Stuyvesant? How was New Jersey first settled? On what principles was Pennsylvania founded? What changes occurred in England during the What was done by King Charles II.? Describe the settlement and government of the Carolinas. 38. Describe the character and policy of James II. 102, 103 104-108 109, 110 111-115 116, 118, 137 119-121 122 125-127 128-130 130-135 117, 136-139 PART II.-GROWTH OF THE COLONIES. CHAPTER X. PARLIAMENTARY RULE. A. D. 1688. 140. Revolution in England.-James II. had been King of England only three years when the Whig or liberal party, grown strong by his tyrannies, called his son-in-law and daughter, the Prince and Princess of Orange, to supersede him on the throne. The accession of William and Mary was hailed with great joy1 by the people of New England, who hastened to throw off the hated government of Andros and resume all their chartered rights. A new charter, which was granted in 1690, incorporated the "Old Colony" of Plymouth with Massachusetts, and added to the latter all the country between the eastern boundary of New Hampshire and the St. Lawrence. 141. Salem Witchcraft.2-One or two towns in Massachusetts became about this time the victims of a strange delusion. All the world then believed in the possibility of possession by evil spirits. The witch-usually some helpless and harmless old woman-was supposed to issue from her chimney at night, and ride on a broomstick or on the wings of the wind to some assembly of demons. The accused found it impossible to prove their innocence; for envy and spite seized the opportunity afforded by the prevailing panic, and even religion, commonly the protector of the wronged, was now enlisted against them. 142. Twenty innocent persons were put to death as witches, and fifty-five more were only saved by false confessions extorted by torture, before the people awoke from their horrid dream. Then Justice Sewall, who had pronounced sentence against some of the accused, made public confession of his error in the Old South Church at Boston, and to the end of a long life the good man never failed to renew this act of penitence at each annual Fast-day. 143. Death of Leisler.-The Dutch people of New York were rejoiced at the accession of their countryman, the Prince of Orange. In the absence of Andros and his lieutenant, they made Jacob Leisler their chief magistrate until instructions could be received from England. On the arrival of Sloughter, the new governor, with a commission from William III., Leisler sent to surrender the fort. But Sloughter chose to consider him as a traitor, and in an hour of drunkenness signed a warrant for his execution. All the other colonies willingly acknowledged William and Mary as their sovereigns. 144. The English Revolution settled three important principles for all English-speaking nations: that a bad king may rightly be deposed; that Parliament may alter and decide the succession to the throne; and in general, that governments exist for the benefit of the people, and not for the selfish advantage of their rulers. The establishment of this last principle was a long step toward that greater revolution which made the United States independent of Great Britain; but for a time they were subject to a more irksome despotism than before, namely, that of the English Parlia ment. 145. Board of Trade.-In 1696 colonial matters were intrusted to a "Board of Trade and Plantations," consisting of five high officers of the crown and eight special commissioners. This Board was to study how to "make the colonies most useful and beneficial to England;" to revise the |