Early Greek Relative ClausesOxford University Press, 2015 - Broj stranica: 503 Early Greek Relative Clauses contributes to an old debate currently enjoying a revival: should we expect languages spoken a few thousand years ago, such as Proto-Indo-European, to be less well-equipped than modern languages when it comes to subordinate clauses? Early Greek relative clauses provide a test case for this problem. Early Greek uses several kinds of relative clause, but all these are usually thought to come from one, or at most two, prehistoric types. In a new look at the evidence, this book finds that a rich variety of relative clause types has been in place for a considerable time. The reconstruction of prehistoric linguistic stages requires detailed work on the individual languages descending from them. A substantial part of the book is therefore devoted to a new look at the relative clause systems found in a wide variety of early Greek texts. It emerges that the same basic system is in use across all these texts. Different kinds of relative clause predominate in different kinds of text, however, because relative clause syntax and semantics interact with the needs of different kinds of text. Considering material as diverse as the Homeric poems, laws inscribed in stone on the island of Crete, and the philosophical prose of Heraclitus, the discussion remains clear and straightforward as Probert considers the uses and histories of different relative clause types. |
Sadržaj
Introduction | 1 |
ProtoIndoEuropean Greek and primitive languages the last 150 years | 6 |
Approaches to ProtoIndoEuropean relative clauses | 21 |
What is a relative clause? | 55 |
Definiteness and related concepts | 76 |
Varieties of Greek relative clause | 119 |
Matters of case | 162 |
Forays into early Greek relative clauses in nonepic genres | 199 |
How does Homer choose between τ and ? | 315 |
Homeric relative clauses in direct speech and narrative | 327 |
Cretan inscriptions to 400 bc | 350 |
Against four syntactic relics and for one | 392 |
Conclusions | 435 |
Glossary of technical terms | 477 |
483 | |
492 | |
Postnominal and inherently maximalizing relative clauses in Homer | 242 |
How does Homer choose between inherently maximalizing constructions? | 300 |
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accusative Achaeans Achilles Agamemnon Ãkwi/kwo analysis anaphoric antecedent heads apodotic attested Attic attractio relativi Avestan Calchas cataphoric characterizing sentence clause in apposition considered context Cretan definite article definite noun phrase demonstrative pronoun denotes direct speech discussion domain-widening early Greek Effenterre epic equivalent examples expression free relative clauses genitive Gortyn Greek relative H)yo Heraclitus Hettrich Hittite Homer IC IV Iliad indefinite construction Indo-European Indo-European languages inherently maximalizing constructions inherently maximalizing relative inscriptions interpretation involve languages linguistic main clause matching matrix clause maximalizing relative clauses meaning Monteil nominative non-restrictive relative clauses noun phrase öé Öotic possible postnominal relative clauses preceding Proto-Indo-European refer relative pronoun relative-correlative sentences relevant restrictive relative clauses Ruijgh semantically semi-free relative clauses situation speakers structure subjunctive subordinate clauses suggests syntax texts things Töv Trojans uév verb Willetts Zeus δέ καὶ ὅς ὅστις τε τό