twenty-four sons, whose posterity possessed the greater part of Connaught, and were called the Hy Briuin race. Of this race were the O'Conors, Kings of Connaught; the O'Rourkes; O'Reillys; MacDermotts; MacGau rans, &c., and some other clans." gree in the Visitation of Cheshire, 1580, Sir John Savage is said to have married the daughter of Thomas Stanley, first Earl of Derby; but if she will refer to p. 203 of the 'Visitation of Cheshire, The Four Masters' give the history of the clan 1580, as printed by the Harleian Society, she will from 1220 to 1593, referring generally (according see that such is not the case, his wife being corto their rule) to its chief, who was lord of the rectly described as Katherin, sister to Thomas barony of Tullaghaw, co. Cavan; and the Sham-Stanley, the first Earle of Darby." She adds rock, in reply to a query of mine, in 1878, wrote: that Katherine Savage was "daughter of Thomas that "Ormerod gives the same account," viz., "McGovern is an old Irish name. The sept Mac Govern or MacGauran branched off from the Sheel Stanley, first Earl of Derby." This is quite uninMurray of Connaught in the beginning of the eighth telligible to me, for Mr. Ormerod nowhere printed century at Fergus, son of Muireadhac (Murrayagh). a pedigree of the Savages. All he did was to The ancient patrimony of the MacGaurans was called reprint the narrative pedigree of that family which Teallach Eachach, i.e., Tribeland of Eochaidh." Sir Peter Leycester wrote for his 'Bucklow Hundred,' and which, as might be expected, is perfectly clear and correct. "Sir John Savage, of Clifton, senior, knight......married Catharine, daughter of Sir Thomas Stanley, after[wards] Lord Stanley, and sister to Thomas Stanley, Earl of Derby" (see Ormerod's History of Cheshire,' new edition, vol. i. p. 713). J. P. EARWaker. Pensarn, Abergele, N. Wales. O'Hart, also, in his 'Irish Pedigrees' (third edit., 1881), p. 304, says: "192. The stem of the Magauran Family. Breannan, brother of Hugh Fionn, who is No. 93 on the O'Rourke pedigree, was the ancestor of MacSamhradhain, Anglicised MacGauran, MacGovern, Magauran, Magovern, Saurin, Somers, and Summers. And then supplies the descent. In face of the above neither Lord Stair nor Mr. Boyle could accurately claim the clan as Scotch. Had it been so it must have emigrated pretty early, as we know the Scoti left Ierne for Alba in the second century, and the sept is accounted for in the fourth. But Connellan's note disposes effectively of such a supposition. But not to occupy any further space in 'N. & Q.,' if MR. STANDISH HALY will kindly send me his address, I shall have much pleasure in forwarding to him a short history of this clan, which I published recently for private circulation only. J. B. S. Manchester. MURIEL (7th S. ii. 508).-Muriel is at least as old as the thirteenth century, and it is one of the few names used alike by Jews and Christians at that date. I have met with it as a Christian name in 1240, and as a Jewish one in 1248. Unless very strong evidence is available in favour of a Greek derivation, I should think it extremely questionable. I cannot recall to memory one name then in use of Greek origin which was not found either in Scripture or the classics. Muriel may possibly-I do not say probably-be a softened form of Marabel or Mirabel, also used about that date, and apparently of Eastern origin, as most old names which end in -bel seem to be. Some, I believe, have suggested an affinity with Mary; but Mary was a most uncommon name in England before 1250 or thereabouts, and was not in frequent use before the sixteenth century. I have never met with the form Meriel on the Rolls, where the name is invariably Muriel. Mirabel occurs first within my knowledge in 1236. Is there a possible connexion with merle, the blackbird? I have found two instances of Chauntmerel or Chauntemarle as a surname. "Marra the rede" occurs on the Close Roll for 1253. Meyr was a favourite name among the Jews; and Mirabilia (Mirabel) appears as used by them in 1282. HERMENTRUDe. STANLEY: SAVAGE (7th S. ii. 508).-If MRS. SCARLETT will refer to East Cheshire,' vol. ii. pp. 493-4, she will find a description (opposite to a full-page illustration) of the tomb of Sir John Savage, Knt., and Dame Katherine his wife, still existing in Macclesfield Church, Cheshire. The On referring to some early numbers of 'N. & Q.,' black-letter inscription, formerly painted on the I find that the origin of this Christian name has edge of this tomb, is there given, which states been before now a subject of somewhat lengthy that Dame Katherine was the daughter of Thomas, discussion. A correspondent, writing in 3rd S. vi. Lord Stanley, and sister of Thomas, first Earl of 518, says: "The authoress of the History of Derby (see also 'East Cheshire,' vol. ii. p. 480). Christian Names' [Miss C. M. Yonge] speaks of Your correspondent states that in the Savage pedi-Muriel in the following terms: An almost obso lete English name, derived from μupov (myrrh). Both it and Meriel were once common""; and from its early use among some old Celtic families (e.g., Thanes of Cawdor and the Stewards of Strathern) suggests its being the Gaelic equivalent of Marion. Other correspondents give evidences of its use in England as far back as William the Conqueror, which would strengthen the theory of those who contend for its being of Norman origin. For further information on this subject I would refer MR. W. J. GLASS to 'N. & Q.,' 3rd S. vi. 200, 239, 278, 404, 444, 518; vii. 82. 1, Capel Terrace, Forest Gate. RITA FOX. Miss Yonge, in her 'History of Christian Names, says (vol. i. p. 275): "Muriel, an almost obsolete English name, comes from uûpov (myrrh). Both it and Meriel were once common." Camden is more accurate when he writes, "From the Greek Muron, sweet perfume," for the Greek word | L. unguentum, whilst the Greek for myrrh is σμúpva, Aeol. uúppa, though, of course, myrrhoil would come under the head of pupov. Dr. Charnock, in his 'Prænomina,' says, with respect to the name in question, "It is found written Muriell, Meriall, Meriel, Maryell; and as a surname, Merrell, Mirihel, Miriel, Myrill, Muryell, and Muriel; and is no doubt derived from Muireal, a Gaelic diminutive of Muire, i.e., Mary. F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY. Gael. Muireal, dim. of Muire, i.e., Mary. Conf. This was the name of the Countess of Strathern Auchterarder. French origin. I have no French dictionary older ORIENTAL CHINA (7th S. iii. 27).—Here are the 34, St. Petersburg Place, W. I have an old silver seal-I do not know its history-of the subject mentioned by H. A. W. Would he like an impression of it? C. F. S. WARREN, M.A. Treneglos, Kenwyn, Truro. [From a private source we learn that the subject is difficult of discussion in our columns.] decide who invented this word? I cannot help Squarson (7th S. ii. 188, 273, 388).—Who is to thinking, with COL. MALET, that Sydney Smith first used it; and I believe it is to be found in one of Theodore Hook's works. WM. GRAHAM F. PIGOTT. "His [i.e., Wordsworth's, Bishop of Lincoln] dispute with the 'squarson,' as Samuel Wilberforce would have called him, Mr. King, about racehorses," &c. (Reminiscences and Opinions,' Sir F. H. Doyle, 1886, p. 76). G. L. G. him to deal with the Irish army. The leaders and officers of the confederates sought safety on the Continent, and the rank and file were pressed to enlist in foreign service. As many as 34,000 men were thus hurried into exile. CONVICTS SHIPPED TO THE COLONIES (7th S. ii. 162, 476).—It was Oliver Cromwell who first introPONTEFRACT=BROKEN BRIDGE (7th S. i. 268, duced this plan of dealing with British subjects. 377; ii. 74, 236, 350, 510).-Pontefract, pro-On his reduction of Ireland it was necessary for nounced Pomfret, is, I suspect, merely an Old French translation of Ferrybridge. There is a place called Ferrybridge two miles from Pontefract. Dr. Pegge, in Anonymiana,' ed. 1818, p. 292, says the true form is Pontfrete, as Drake always writes it. He says that "Pons ad fretum answers exactly to Ferry-bridge, or 'Bridge at the Ferry.' I am not aware that fretum ever does mean a ferry in classical Latin, but it may in Low Latin, for the Cath. Angl.' (ed. Herrtage, p. 127) has "A fery man; transfretator." One does not like to derive an English place-name directly from the Latin, as such a derivation would be primâ facie very improbable, but this name is apparently of There remained behind of necessity great numbers of widows, and orphans, and deserted wives and families; and these the Government proceeded to ship wholesale to the West Indies-the boys for slaves, the women and girls for mistresses to the English sugar-planters. The merchants of Bristol-slave dealers in the days of Strongthe wretched people. Orders were given them on the bow-sent over their agents to hunt down and ensnare governors of gaols and workhouses for boys who were of an age to labour' and 'women who were marriage able or not past breeding.""-Vide Walpole's, Kingdom of Ireland.' I fancy that at this distance of time it would be impossible to supply details, “ with names, dates, places, and numbers," as MR. BUTLER desires, but this exodus was undoubtedly the origin of the transportation of convicts to the West Indies and Virginia. J. STANDISH HALY. Temple. SERMON (7th S. ii. 448).-A copy of this sermon is in vol. iii. of the ten volumes of "Long Parliament" sermons in the Forster Library, South Kensington Museum. It is perfect. R. F. S. spearian student. The three plays, which were performed in St. John's College, Cambridge, A.D. 1597-1601, are curious, inasmuch as they contain no female character whatever. Not much more decorous are they for this, many of the passages being sufficiently coarse. Some of the sketches of character are, however, excellent; the language, which, though principally in prose, breaks into verse, sometimes blank and sometimes rhymed, is on a par with that of the providers of comedy of real life as distinguished from that of imagination. Lively, if rather satirical pictures of contemporary manners are furnished, and the complaints of the hardships imposed upon scholarship are in accord with the general expression of Renaissance literature. In every respect, accordingly, the plays are welcome. Philologically the new portions have much value. "Smother' There is another sorte of smooth faced youthes, PEY'S AUNT (7th S. ii. 28, 136).—"Davis, in Those Amorettoes that doe spend their time the American Nimrod,' says that the whalers call In comminge [combing] of their smother-dangled heyre, the light Ampizant, and have a tradition that it is seems to point in the direction of confirming a suggestion the spirit of some sailor that has died on board," of Payne Collier's folio with regard to a passage in Cym&c. See 'Legends and Superstitions of the Sea is a local word for daub, smear (see Halliwell's Dicbeline,' "Whose mother was her painting." and of Sailors in all Lands and at all Times,' by tionary,' and cf. Nares, S. v. "Smore"). A speech of Fletcher S. Bassett, Lieut. U.S. Navy (London, Dromo, p. 22, throws a curious light on the practices of Sampson Low, Marston, "Sacket Searle & Rivington, clowns upon the stage. for sack (wine), p. 38, is an unfamiliar form. 1885), chap. viii. p. 315, where St. Elmo's Light Congey" (congé) is employed is very fully treated. H. G. GRIFFINHOOFE. as equivalent to a bow at p. 56. The sentence in which it occurs is indeed peculiar: "I stood stroking up my 34, St. Petersburg Place, W. haire, which became me very admirably, gave a low congey at the beginning of each period, made every sen"Who coulde endure this post put into a sattin sute, this haberdasher of lyes, this bracchidochio, this ladyeforetopp, but a man that 's ordayned to miserie?" Here, munger, this meere rapier and dagger, this cringer, this apart from anything else, a question asked 7th S. ii. 389 as to the duel in Hamlet' is answered. The spelling of the word "cashier" (p. 70), in "Thy Mæcenas here carceeres thee," is at least peculiar. The word at that time was generally written casses. The sentence spoken by the page (p. 121), "Hang me if he hath any more mathematikes then will serue to count the clocke or tell the meridian howre by rumbling of his panch," has some resemblance to well-known lines in Hubidras.' Our readers must turn for themselves to the references to Shakspeare, which have much interest and significance. NAME OF BINDER WANTED (7th S. ii. 408).-tence end sweetly with an othe." Again, we have (p. 64), P. S. neither denotes the bookbinder nor the owner of the 'Catena Græcorum Patrum.' It is the wellknown inscription on the prize books of the Sorbonne. I suppose it stands for "Patres Sorbonnenses." J. C. J. A volume (dated 1564) with the same pattern of binding is in the Dyce Library, South Kensington Museum. I used to please myself with thinking that P. S. might stand for Philip Sydney, but the date of your correspondent's example, 1637, puts an end to such a fancy. R. F. S. Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. The Pilgrimage to Parnassus; with the Two Parts of the Return from Parnassus. Edited from MSS. by the Rev. W. D. Macray, M.A., F.S.A. (Clarendon Press.) THE recovery of the first two parts of this trilogy of the time of Queen Elizabeth is one of the most gratifying results of the close investigation to which our MSS. stores have been subjected. In an able and ample preface the editor explains how the find was made in a volume of miscellaneous collections by Thomas Hearne, now in the Rawlinson Collection in the Bodleian Library, and depicts what is worthy of note in the MS. These things are interesting in themselves, and the speculations to which they give rise are ingenious. In the endowment, however, of scholarship with two works of genuine value belonging to the most important period of our literature is the chief gain. The third portion, which has been frequently reprinted, is, of course, well known. Nowise inferior in interest or value are the new portions, and the references they contain to Shakspeare, which are among the earliest, will commend them especially to the Shak Henrici Bulloci Oratio, 1521.-Fidelis Christiani Epis rius Geminus. These works are, as is to be expected, curious and rare rather than interesting or important, and two of them occupying, indeed, only a few pages. The Hermathena,' which is dedicated to Richard Pace, chief secretary to Henry VIII., is a fair specimen of the kind of allegory, which in prose and in verse, in Latin and in the vulgar tongue, was in high favour in the fif teenth and sixteenth centuries. The scene is laid in part in the Elysian fields, and Wisdom, with her daughter Eloquence, sails to Britain, where she is welcomed by that most illustrious prince Henry VIII., and is held in great reverence. From the bibliographical standpoint the works are all rarities. Of Bullock's Oration' four copies are known: one in the British Museum, a second in the Bodleian, a third in the Archiepiscopal Library at Lambeth, a fourth in Archbishop Marsh's library, St. Patrick's, Dublin. Of the epistle a single copy is found in the Bodleian. Copies of the Hermathena' are in the library of the late Henry Bradshaw, in St. John's Coll., Camb., Archbishop Marsh's library, Lincoln Cathedral, and the British Museum. One on vellum is in the possession of the Duke of Devonshire. Besides these some fragments of another copy exist. What will probably most interest the reader is the admirably exact and conscientious manner in which Mr. Bradshaw, whose interest in these reprints was inexhaustible, ascertained the exact date of the various works and arranged them in their order. The result of his investigations is that Linacre's translation of Galen, which Cotton (Typographical Gazetteer') mentions as the first book printed in Cambridge, is relegated to the sixth place, the first being taken by Bullock's afore-mentioned Oration.' In the case of the Hermathena' Mr. Bradshaw proves that the work exists in three states, and gives a minute detail of the differences. On the bibliographical introduction to these volumes Mr. Bradshaw was engaged when death arrested his labours. Concerning Siberch little that is definite has been traced, and the place whence he came for his brief residence of little over a year in Cambridge and that to which he betook himself remain conjectural. The supposition of the editor who has taken up Mr. Bradshaw's labours is that he may have come from Strasbourg. Why Cambridge should, in respect of printing, have come far behind Oxford is not easy to understand. Putting on one side the disputed 'Expositio S. Hieronymi,' which bears date 1468, Oxford can point to two works printed in 1479; while the earliest work of the sister university is forty-two years later. The printing of the facsimile is admirable. THE Christmas Illustrated Number of the Publishers' Weekly (New York) is as full as usual of varied illustrations of American art. It is difficult to single out our special favourites where all are so good in their several lines, but we may mention a specimen of the Book of the Tile Club' of New York, being a sketch of New York Harbour by Arthur Quartley, the book of which it is a sample containing, we read, twenty-five sketches, each selected by its artist, while the club itself includes not a few of the names most conspicuous in American art. Among the other salient features we may cite a view of Prague, from The Great Cities of the Modern World '; the illustrations representing the Photo-Engraving Co.'s process and the Ives process respectively; the delightful sketch of The Class,' from One Day in a Baby's Life,' where the child-professor strongly reminds us of Mr. Verdant Green; the speaking portraits of Fair Ines and Fair Margaret, from Fair Ines' and the Lay of the Last Minstrel respectively; the charming little children who are making a Christmas tree for the birdies, from 'Children of the Week'; and the striking illustrations from The Closing Scene.' We feel that we are far from having exhausted the attractions of this Christmas giftbook from the Empire City. A NEW work on the Great Seals of England,' commenced by the late Mr. A. B. Wyon, and completed by Mr. Allan Wyon, is announced by Mr. Elliot Stock. The work will be illustrated with facsimiles of the seals, the size of the originals. the Chaucer's Head, Birmingham, offers for sale the THE catalogue of old books of Mr. Wm. Downing, of first five series of N. & Q.' on singularly reasonable terms. Notices to Correspondents. We must call special attention to the following notices: ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately. To secure insertion of communications correspondents must observe the following rule. Let each note, query, signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the appear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested to head the second communication "Duplicate." LIEUT.-COL. FITZGERALD, Army and Navy Club, is anxious to know how to procure the French drinking song, one verse of which is quoted by Miss Braddon in The Mohawks,' ii. 70. T. F. ("Registers of Waldron ").-At the present moment it would be impossible to find space for a list such as you obligingly offer. well-known cheese, is a town of Northern Italy, about OLDHAM.-Gorgonzola, which gives its name to the twelve miles E.N.E. of Milan. F. S. SNELL ("Books on Nursery Rhymes").-For an account of The Archæology of Popular Phrases,' by John Bellenden Ker, see 6th S. xii. 109, 374. C. Two souls with but a single thought, Two hearts that beat as one, occur in the translation by Mrs. Lovell of 'Ingomar,' by the Baron von Münch Bellinghausen, See 6th 8. v. 388, 479; vii. 58, 78, 98, 119. S. P. M. ("Longevity").-This subject, the interest of which seems exhausted, has long been banished from N. & Q' H. WALPOLE. Keep the word of promise to our ear. 'Macbeth,' V. vii, S. W. (Filius naturalis ").-For a long article on this subject see 4th S. viii. 140. See also 6th S. x. 167, 234; xi. 292. GEO. ELLIS ("Wearing Hats in Church "). The authority for women wearing head-gear in church is St. Paul. See 1 Cor. xi. 5-15. MR. W. H. BURNSIDE wishes to know where Talleyrand's phrase "Surtout pas trop de zèle" is to be found. NOTICE. Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries '"-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher"-at the Office, 22, Took's Court, Cursitor Street, Chancery Lane, E.C. We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception. A True patriots all; for be it understood We left our country for our country's good. JOURNALIST, who has been made the subject of a Criminal Prosecution for applying Barrington's well-known NEW ETYMOLOGICAL WORK BY DR. CHARNOCK, Author of 'Verba Nominalia.' Now ready, in crown 8vo. 68, cloth, lettered, lines to a political opponent, will be grateful to any scholar who will PRÆNOMINA; or, the Etymology of the Prin refer him to a passage wherein the above quotation, or any portion of it, is used in some sense other than one implying that the person with reference to whom the lines are used has been transported.-Communications to be addressed EDITOR, care of Messrs. STREET & CO, 30, Cornhill, London, E.C. THE TYPE WRITING OFFICE, Fourth A Floor, Lonsdale Chambers, 27, Chancery-lane.-MSS. carefully Typed by experienced copyists at 15d. per 1,000 words. Terms for Dramatic and other work on application. Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mrs. MARSHALL. U. MAGGS, BOOKSELLER, 159, Church-street, Paddington-green. London, W.-CATALOGUE, No. 69, now ready, comprising nearly 700 items of Topography and Heraldry, and a large number of good Antiquarian and Miscellaneous Works.-Lists of Books Wanted always receive careful attention. 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