The Cult of IncompetenceDutton, 1911 - Broj stranica: 236 |
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absolutely administration agrégation ancient appear appointment aristo aristocracy Aristotle Atheism Athens authority become body candidate character choose chosen citizens civil co-optation collectivism competence constitution Cour de Cassation courts cracy crowd decrees demagogues demo democracy democratic deputies despotism elected electors equality everything examination exist fact favour form of government French Senate Gerontocracy honour idea impartial imperative mandate incompetence independent intellectual interest irremovable judges judges of appeal judicial juges de paix jury justice legislator liberty lives Lycurgus magistrates matter means ment Minister monarchy Montesquieu moral efficiency national representatives natural necessary never Nietzsche nominated obey oligarchy opinion party passions perhaps Plato political politicians popular préfet prejudices principle profession professor question realise reason recognise republic requires respect result Rousseau school teacher schoolmaster Senate sense sentiment social sort sovereignty spirit superiority tence thing tion true universal suffrage virtue Voltaire wish
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Stranica 86 - ... this sort of democracy being relatively to other democracies what tyranny is to other forms of monarchy. The spirit of both is the same, and they alike exercise a despotic rule over the better citizens.
Stranica 85 - A fifth form of democracy, in other respects, the same, is that in which, not the law, but the multitude, have the supreme power, and supersede the law by their decrees. This is a state of affairs brought about by the demagogues. For in democracies which are subject to the law the best citizens hold the first place, and there are no demagogues; but where the laws are not supreme, there demagogues spring up. For the people becomes a monarch, and is many in one; and the many have the power in their...
Stranica 86 - Further, those who have any complaint to bring against the magistrates say, "let the people be judges"; the people are too happy to accept the invitation; and so the authority of every office is undermined. Such a democracy is fairly open to the objection that it is not a constitution at all; for where the laws have no authority, there is no constitution.
Stranica 130 - Hence the many are better judges than a single man of music and poetry; for some understand one part, and some another, and among them, they understand the whole.
Stranica 130 - For the many, of whom each individual is but an ordinary person, when they meet together may very likely be better than the few good, if regarded not individually but collectively, just as a feast to which many contribute is better than a dinner provided out of a single purse.
Stranica 130 - Nay, in ancient times, and among some nations, the artisan class were slaves or foreigners, and therefore the majority of them are so now. The best form of state will not admit them to citizenship...
Stranica 135 - ... the tyrant should lop off those who are too high ; he must put to death men of spirit: he must not allow common meals, clubs, education, and the like ; he must be...
Stranica 86 - ... constitution. So that if democracy be a real form of government, the sort of system in which all things are regulated by decrees is clearly not even a democracy in the true sense of the word, for decrees relate only to particulars.
Stranica 136 - ... virtue — what is to be done with him? Mankind will not say that such an one is to be expelled and exiled; on the other hand, he ought not to be a subject — that would be as if mankind should claim to rule over Zeus, dividing his offices among them.
Stranica 86 - Both have great power — the flatterer with the tyrant, the demagogue with democracies of the kind which we are describing. The demagogues make the decrees of the people override the laws, and refer all things to the popular assembly. And therefore they grow great, because the people have all things in their hands, and they hold in their hands the votes of the people, who are too ready to listen to them.