Note by Editor.-The questions are given, as printed on the examination blanks, in the large, plain type, across page. The smaller italic type shows the actual answers to the questions, those on the left by a successful, those on the right by an unsuccessful candidate.

TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE.

Note by Editor.-The paper on Technical Knowledge, as originally prepared, included other questions which are omitted here, as they were not considered in determining the applicants' ratings.

17. How would you produce an influx of fresh air and an outflow of bad or vitiated air in a dwelling; in other words, how would you ventilate it ?

By providing an opening to admit the fresh air say below and a counter opening for-say above -for the exit of the vitiated air

[No answer.]

causing a current, drawing in

fresh air from the street and

causing it to flow through the house and out at the roof.

18. What method should be used in removing waste matter and excreta from dwellings?

The best way is to have it

washed away with water.

[No answer.]

21. What should be the size of a drain-pipe for a fivestory tenement-house, with two families to each floor? At least 6 inches.

I should have the pipes as large as possible but at last―6 inch

27. How are drains and sewers flushed?

By letting water flow freely in

to them.

[No answer.]

28. Where there are no public sewers how should house-waste be disposed of?

It should be collected in small receptacles mingled with earth or other cheap disinfectant and carted away frequently, or it should be buried.

By a Cesspool

29. How are sewer gases prevented from entering houses ?

By means of a trap in the drain near the front wall of the house.

By means of S. Traps placed at the front and rear of the house in the cellar on the soil pipe leading to the Main sewer.

30. What is a tenement-house? One containing three or more

families.

A Building in which Four or more families reside—

31. In tenement-houses what air space should be allowed to each individual?

32. What air space should be allowed in sleepingrooms?

33. What material should be used for waste and soil pipes ? Iron.

Cast iron

34. May the same material be used for all discharge pipes from a house?

35. Where may stoneware pipes be used?

outside the house under ground

if the ground is solid and not newly made

I should not use them except as short connections

36. Are there any objections to the use of cast-iron pipes?

Yes, there may be flaws in the

casting; air holes etc.

None if they are well glazed

inside.

37. How should the joints of cast-iron pipes be caulked?

They should be caulked with oakum with a caulking of lead above it.

38. What is a trap, and how of ?

A trap is a contrivance which interposes a seal of water to prevent the flow of gas.

There is the S. trap and the half S. there is also a trap made that causes a ball valve to obstruct the flow of gas.

With okaum & Lead

many

kinds do you know

A Trap is a fitting to prevent the Sewer gas from returning or back up through the house-The S. Traps. D- Traps. P. Traps -and Green Traps

39. To what extent should a "trap" be "waterdipped"?

At least 2 inches for water closets-on the inner bend-and I for water facets, sinks and basins.

At The cellar

40. Where should a soil-pipe be "trapped"?

The Soil pipe of the house is

To prevent the soil from back

trapped in the drain near the front ing up or returning

wall of the house The soil pipe

of a school sink or yard water

closet should be trapped shortly after it leaves the receptacle.

41. Under what circumstances may a trap be "syphoned out," and how would you prevent it?

A

vacuum forming in the sewer will cause the syphoning of of a trap. I would prevent it by connecting the ventilating pipe with the outer side of the trap the suction from the sewer will feed itself from the vent pipe.

By my Vent pipe

42. How should every sleeping-room in a tenementhouse which does not communicate directly with the open air be ventilated ?

44. How many water-closets or privies should be provided for every tenement-house, as compared with the number of its occupants?

There should be one for every

three families of six.

For a floor with 4 Families at lest Two

45. May cellars, vaults, or underground rooms be occupied as dwellings; if so, under what conditions as to light and ventilation?

They may if the floors are dry and impervious to damp. And if there is a chance for free ventilation and the entrance of daylight, (not recommended.)

[No answer.]