Ist Session, Report No. 3112. 956 p. O.

Washington, Gov. Pr. Office, 1888.

Contains testimony of great importance by organizers of trusts, especially the Standard Oil Trust, and testimony of their opponents.

Report of the Select Committee, appointed Feb. 29, 1888, to investigate and report upon alleged combinations in manufactures, trade, and insurance in Canada. 2d Session, 6th Parliament, Ottawa, 1888.

Kleinwächter, J. F. Die Kartelle, ein Beitrag zur Frage der Organization der Volkswirthschaft. Innsbruck, 1883. 246 p. D.

Competition and the Trusts. G: Iles. Popular Science Monthly, March, 1889. Development of Monopolies in Their Relation to the State. H. S. Foxwell. An essay read before British Assoc. for Adv. Science, Sept., 1888. Tr. Revue d'Economie Politique, Paris, Oct., 1889.

Economic and Social Aspects of Trusts. G: Gunton. Political Science Quarterly, Sept., 1888.

Economic Law of Monopoly. E. B. Andrews. Journal of Social Science (Saratoga papers of 1889). N. Y., Putnam, 1890.

Facts about Trusts. C. F. Beach, Jr. Forum, Sept., 1889.

Legality of Trusts. T. W. Dwight. Political Science Quarterly, Dec., 1888. Michigan Salt Association. J. W. Jenks. Political Science Quarterly, March,

1888.

Trusts According to Official Investigations. Journal of Economics, Oct., 1888.

E. B. Andrews. Quarterly

The Whiskey Trust. J. W. Jenks. Political Science Quarterly, June, 1889. Conspiracy and Boycott Cases. E. P. Cheyney. Political Science Quarterly, June, 1889.

FIRE INSURANCE.

Griswold, J. Fire Underwriter's Text-book. Montreal, R. WilsonSmith, 1889. 871 p. $10.

Hine, C. C. Fire Insurance, instructions for the use of agents in the United States. New ed. rev. and enl. N. Y., C. C. Hine, 1888. 157 p. O. $2.50. Slow-Burning Construction is a chapter in E: Atkinson's Industrial Progress of the Nation [Capital and Labor] reprinted from Century, Feb., 1889.

The reports and circulars of information issued by the Boston Manufacturers' Mutual Fire Insurance Co., E: Atkinson, President, have high practical value.

LIFE INSURANCE.

Fackler, D. P. Agents' Monetary Life and Valuation Tables, and Explanations. 2d ed. rev. and enl. N. Y., C. C. Hine, 1888. 70 p. O. $1.50. Willey, N. Principles and Practice of Life Insurance. N. Y., Spectator Co., 1886. 230 p. D. $2.

Walford's Cyclopædia of Insurance remains incomplete, the editor being deceased. 5 v. are published, A-Fir. Lond., C. & E. Layton, 1871. Spectator Co.

N. Y.,

Several States of the Union have Commissioners of Insurance, who issue annual reports; of these reports those of Mass. are deemed the best.

Workmen's Insurance in Germany. F. W. Taussig. Quarterly Journal of Economics, Oct., 1887. Also, Forum, Oct., 1889.

INTERNATIONAL TRADE.

The Reports of the various Departments at Washington, as referred to in detailed notes, furnish the best sources of fact on this subject. Evans' and Heyl's compilations of Duties are the best. Of advocates for Protection, Carey, List and [R. E.] Thompson are eminent. On the other side of the question Wells, Sumner and Taussig are leading writers. The writings of Cobden, and the volumes on his life and times by Morley and Rogers, throw much light on the Free-Trade movement in England. Its principal critics include Byles and Sullivan. The official documents relating to proposals of reciprocity with South American republics are of interest.

TARIFFS AND FOREIGN COMMERCE, HISTORICAL AND GENERAL WORKS. Adams, G: HUNTINGTON, comp. Tariff of 1890. A Handbook of the U. S. Tariff under the acts of 1890 and the Bond and Warehouse Systems. New York, Baker, Voorhis & Co., 1890. 331 p. O. $3.

Contains all the Treasury decisions and rulings now in force, arranged under the several schedules, with alphabetical index of articles.

Comparison of the Customs Law of 1883 with New Law of 1890. With Administrative Customs Law of 1890. Washington, W. H. Morrison, 1890. pap. 25c.

Downing, R. F., comp. United States Customs Tariff. N. Y., R. F. Downing & Co. 348 p. S. $1.

Gives duties alphabetically, also the McKinley Customs Administrative Act, and the Customs Tariff Act of 1890.

Evans, C. H., comp. Imports-Duties from 1867 to 1883 inclusive. Washington, Gov. Pr. Office, 1884. 937 p. O.

Really several works bound together: U. S. imports and duties, 1867-1883, showing by articles (alphabetical) for each year, quantity, value, rate and amount of duty, price and ad valorem rate, with other tables (671 p.); exports American colonies to Great Britain, 16891789, and exports U. S. to all countries, 1789-1883, etc. (266 p.).

Furber, H. W., ed. Which? Protection, Free Trade, or Revenue Reform? Hartford, Park Publishing Co., 1884. 528 p. D. $2.

Forty chapters give speeches, articles, extracts from books, etc., of as many leading authorities on all sides, American, English, and French.

Heyl, LEWIS. United States Duties on Imports. 30th ed. V. 1, 1882, 410 p. V. 2, 1883, 339 p. O. Washington, W. H. Morrison, 1883. $6.00.

Approved and in use by Treas. Dept. V. 1 is superseded by v. 2. (pts. 1, 3, 4). V. 2 includes Pt. 1, Digest of Statutes prior to Dec. 1, 1873 (158 p.) 2. Act of March 3, 1883 (51 p.) 3, Schedule of Duties, alphabetical, annotated (113 leaves). 4. Table of rates, statistics, regulations, etc. (129 p.). Most valuable. The same editor has prepared a "Pocket Tariff." Mason, D. H. Short Tariff History of the United States. Part I, 1783-89. Chicago, David H. Mason, 1884. 157 p. D. $1.

Holds that the only trial of nearly absolute free trade between the United States and foreign countries was disastrous, and that the protective power conferred in the Constitution was alien to the purpose of raising revenue.

Sumner, W: G. History of Protection in the United States. N. Y., Putnam, 1877. 64 p. O. 75 c.

Lectures delivered before the International Free Trade Alliance.

Talbott, H:, ed. Tariff from the White House, extracts from the Messages. Handbooks of the Tariff, no 1. Washington, Gray & Clarkson, printers, 1888. 109 p. O. pap. 25 c.

Those parts of Presidents' Messages bearing on the tariff, Washington to Cleveland. Tariff of 1883. The duty on every article and the free list, with a brief review of tariff legislation of the U. S. from the beginning of the Government. Also, imports, dutiable, with duties collected, and free for 1883 and 1887; with the total imports of each year since 1791. Also, a summary of the Mills Bill and the Senate Tariff Bill. N. Y., Tribune Assoc., 1888. 20 p. O. 12 c. Taussig, F. W. Tariff History of the United States, 1789-1888. Questions of the Day, no. 47. N. Y., Putnam, 1888. 269 p. D. $1.25.

Comprises the material contained in "Protection to Young Industries" and "History of the Present Tariff," together with the revisions and additions needed to complete the narrative. A valuable record of facts. Author a tariff reformer.

Terrill, W. G., ed. Appeal to the American People as a Jury. Chicago, Belford, 1888. 12°, cl. $1; pap. 50 c.

Speeches in House of Rep. in "the great debate," April 17-May 19, 1888.

Thompson, R. W. History of Protective Tariff Laws.

Harvey, 1888. 526 p. O. $2.

The author is a protectionist.

N. Y., Hill &

Williams, C. F. Tariff Laws of the United States. Boston, Soule & Bugbee, 1883. 193 p. O. $1.50.

A commentary with explanatory notes, decisions of the courts and Treasury Department. Wright, CARROLL D. Scientific Basis of Tariff Legislation. Boston, Cupples, Upham & Co., 1884. 20 p. O. pap., 20 c.

Reprinted from Journal of Social Science, 1884.

Young, E: Special Report on the Customs Tariff Legislation of the United States. Washington, Gov. Pr. Office, 1872. 205+137 p. O.

The first part a valuable résumé of tariff debates, with votes, from 1789; the second sta tistical. Afterward extended in successive editions (1874, etc.) to include later tariffs. The author was Chief of Bureau of Statistics (Treas. Dept.) and is of protectionist leanings. Chisholm, J. C. Handbook of Commercial Geography.

N. Y., Longmans, 1889. 9+515 p. O. with 29 maps, $5.

An extremely interesting work of great value.

Lond. and

Hall, HUBERT. Customs Revenue in England from the earliest times to the year 1827. 2 v. O. V. I, 327 p., Constitutional History; v. 2, 288 p., Fiscal History. Lond., Elliot Stock, 1885. 2IS.

The best book on the subject.

Noble, J. Fiscal Legislation, 1842-1865. Lond., Longmans, 1867. 8°, 7s. 6d.

A clear and comprehensive account of the fiscal legislation of Great Britain during the period of twenty-three years which included the transition from a protective to a free-trade policy, the repeal of the navigation laws, etc., etc.

Roscher, W. Ueber Kornhandel und Theuerungspolitik. 3d ed. Stuttgart, 1852.

Also tr. into French, Paris, M. Block, 1854.

Cusumano, V. La teoria del commercio dei grani in Italia. Bologna,

The first tariff act, approved July 4, 1789, is the second chapter in the first volume of U. S. laws, Acts Passed at the First Congress of the U. S. A.” (Phila., F. Childs, 1795). Rates under this and succeeding tariffs are tabulated in Young's "Customs Tariff Legislation.”

The Tariff Commission of 1882 reported in 2 v., 8vo, 2617 p., including testimony. The Commission Tariff, as finally shaped by Conference Committee, is given in Heyl, Williams, etc., in Treasury pamphlet, in pamphlet issued by N. Y. Tribune, etc.

Under the lettering "Old and New Tariffs Indexed," the Treas. Dept. bound together (1883) tariffs of 1880 and 1883, with Hawaiian reciprocity treaty, each indexed.

The Ways and Means Com. of 1884 (Morrison horizontal reduction bill) issued its bill, with estimated duties by C. H. Evans, also Arguments before Committee, in a volume of 417 p.

The Revision of the Tariff was reported upon by the Secretary of the Treasury, D: Manning, Washington, Feb. 16, 1886, in a volume of 675 p., including a series of letters of manufacturers, etc.

The Ways and Means Com. of 1886 (2d Morrison bill) issued a Report with testimony.

The Ways and Means Com. of 1888 (Mills bill) issued several editions of its bill, majority and minority reports, tabulated comparisons, etc. The Senate substitute of 1888 was printed by the Senate, as also pamphlet containing majority report by Senator Aldrich and minority report by Senator Beck; also Testimony taken before its sub-committee, in 4 v. 8°. A report giving law of 1883 and Mills bill, with tables showing estimated effects on revenues, was prepared by Clerk of W. and M. Com., H: Talbott. A folio series of tables showing present duties (1888) and estimates of House and Senate bills, by C: H. Evans, was also presented—a valuable and now scarce document.

The Ways and Means Com. of 1889-90 (McKinley bill) issued the bill, majority and minority reports, also hearings before Com., in 1 v., 8°. A folio series of tables showing present duties, notes explanatory of proposed changes, and estimates of results, was prepared also for this bill, as presented to the Senate, by C: H. Evans. A Conference Report with bill was also printed.

The Tariff of 1890 (McKinley bill) is published by the Treas. Dept., with comparison of Tariff of 1883, and (McKinley) Administrative Customs Act; also in pamphlets by the Tribune, New York (51 p. O. pap. 10 c.), by the Reform Club, and others; and a "McKinley Alphabet," showing duties and increase of same alphabetically, is issued by the Evening Post, New York (20 p. D. pap. 3c.).

"Comparative Duties and the Relation of the Treas. Dept. to Tariff Legislation," was a special report by Jas. Nimmo, Jr., Chief of Bureau of Statistics, Feb. 20, 1883, issued by Treas. Dept.

A Synopsis of Decisions on construction of tariff and other laws is issued monthly and bound up annually by Treas. Dept. The decisions of the U. S. General Appraisers are also printed (weekly or occasionally) by the Treas. Dept.

Report of the Secretary of the Treasury on the Collection of Duties was issued by the Treas. Dept. as second volume of the Treasury Report in 1885-86. See the Congressional Record for Congressional speeches on the tariff, many of which are also reprinted separately.

"Foreign Commerce and Navigation, Immigration, and Tonnage of the United States," for each fiscal year ending June 30, are covered in an annual report of the Bureau of Statistics of the Treasury Dept., which also issues quarterly and monthly statements of imports, etc.

Causes of the Reduction of American Tonnage and the decline of navigation interests" were treated in a Special Report of House Select Committee, Feb. 17, 1870. (41st Congress, 2d Session, Ho. Rep., no. 28. 21+294 p.)

"Foreign Tariffs; discriminations against the importation of American products," were treated in full in a Report of the Senate Com. on Foreign Relations, 1884. (48th Congress, Ist Session, Senate Rep. no. 551. 576 p.)

"Tables showing the commerce between the U. S. and Canada," with special reference to the operations of tariff laws, for a series of years, were issued by the Bureau of Statistics, Treas. Dept., in 1887.

"Commerce of the U. S. with Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America," is issued as a separate annual report of Bureau of Statistics, Treas. Dept.

Reports of the Commission upon more intimate relations between U. S. and Central and South America, were issued by State Dept. in 1 v., 8°, 1886. The State Dept. issues annually a Report upon the Commercial Relations of the U. S. with Foreign Countries.

The Special Report on" Wool and Manufactures of Wool," issued by Bureau of Statistics, Treas. Dept., in 1887 (93+231 p. O.) is of great value in the tariff discussion, as are also the Census volumes on Manufactures, etc.

"Sugar and Molasses were reported on in tables showing imports and exports of U. S. since 1789, production and consumption, tariff rates, etc., for a series of years, issued by Bureau of Statistics, Treas. Dept., in 1887.

"Cotton Textiles in Foreign Countries "-reports from Consuls of U. S. on imports into their districts—was published by State Dept., in 1 v., 1890. Of the "Consular Relations of the U.S." U. S. Consular Reports to Dept. of State (Wash., Gov. Pr. Office), no. 12 (Oct., '81) is Mr. Blaine's report on Cotton Goods Trade of the World ;" no. 261⁄2 is "Tariffs of Spain, Italy, Norway, Hawaii, and British Guiana; no. 52 is "Declared Exports for U. S., 1884;" no. 53% is "Tariff Laws of Mexico, 1885;" no. 731⁄2 is "Customs Duties Imposed by Foreign Nations upon American Produce and Manufactures," transmitted by the President to the Ho. of Rep. (very valuable); no. 85 is "Statistical Abstract for Foreign Countries, 1873-83;" no. 108 includes Subsidies to British Steamships;" no. 112 is "Steamship Subsidies by Foreign Countries." For important reports on tariff questions in ther numbers, see Indexes to Consular Reports nos. 1-59, 1880-5 (issued 1887), and to nos. 60III, 1886-9 (issued 1890), under “Tariff,' Subsidies," names of countries, etc. See "U. S. Statistical Abstract" yearly for imports, Spofford's "American Almanac" yearly for condensed tariff returns of preceding fiscal year.

See in "Economic Fact-Book,"

References to Tariff Legislation in U. S." by W. E. Foster, an invaluable and impartial chronological summary.

The recent " 'Campaign Text-Books" of the Democratic and Republican parties, particularly those for 1888 (both published in that year by Brentano, New York) are devoted largely to the tariff.