The

Archival collections that maintain holdings on the LeConte family include the American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, PA, which houses the LeConte Family Papers. The bulk of the papers of Louis LeConte were destroyed during the War Between the States. Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, houses the Joseph LeConte Collection, which contains family papers that include information relating to Louis LeConte. The Garden Club of Georgia archives, Athens, GA; the Georgia Historical Society, Savannah, GA and the Chatham-Effingham-Liberty County Library, Savannah, GA each house collections relating to the LeConte family and "Woodmanston Plantation."

Contributed by Lina Cofresí, Ph.D.

Lord, Elizabeth, b. 1887, d. 1976. Elizabeth Lord was born in Oregon, the daughter of William Paine Lord, a former Oregon governor and U.S. diplomat, and Juliette Montague Lord, who is credited with establishing the Salem Floral Society (now Salem Garden Club), the first garden club in Oregon. Lord received her education in Oregon public schools and in Buenos Aires, where her father held a diplomatic post. Her mother's devotion to gardening and extensive travels to view the renowned gardens of the Orient, Europe and South America influenced Lord's decision to pursue landscape architecture as a profession, prompting her, in 1926, to enter the Lowthorpe School of Landscape Architecture.

Elizabeth Lord met Edith Schryver, another graduate of Lowthorpe, on a European study tour sponsored by the Lowthorpe and Cambridge schools. Recognizing their similarity of tastes and philosophy in garden design, the two formed a partnership in Salem, OR where they practiced from 1929 until they retired in 1970. Elizabeth Lord died October 9, 1976 in Salem, OR.

Schryver, Edith, b. 1901, d. 1984. Edith Schryver, known to her friends as Nina, was born in Kingston, NY. She attended the Lowthorpe School of Landscape Architecture during summers before completing high school, and studied general art for one year at Brooklyn's Pratt Institute. In 1920, she enrolled full-time at Lowthorpe while working part-time in the Boston offices of landscape architects Harold Hill Blossom, Elizabeth Pattee, and Elizabeth Leonard Strang. She spent the summer of 1922 in the Cornish, NH office of Ellen Shipman as part of her scholarship, and upon graduation, she spent the next five years working in Shipman's New York office.

Schryver met Elizabeth Lord, another graduate of Lowthorpe, on a European study tour sponsored by the Lowthorpe and Cambridge schools, and the two formed a partnership (1929-1970) in Salem, Oregon where they worked until retirement. Edith Schryver died May 20, 1984 in Salem, OR.

Lord and Schryver. Lord and Schryver is believed to have been the first firm of professional women landscape architects on the west coast. Their style was influenced by Gertrude Jekyll and Ellen Shipman, and the firm focused on garden design for private residences. Significant residential projects included: "Deepwood," the Dr. Luke Port House, now part of the Salem Park System; the Robertson House; the Baumgartner-Caughell House; the Brown House, all in Salem, OR. The firm also had commissions at Reed College, College of Puget

Sound, for various Salem parks, and the Marion County Courthouse. Lord and Schryver were active participants in Salem's Park Commission, Tree Commission, Art Association, and the Oregon Roadside Council. Schryver was primarily responsible for design and construction drawings, while Lord concentrated on planting design. The two were also involved in community education, writing articles on design for the Portland Oregonian, contributing to Home Garden Hour, a local radio show, and teaching briefly at Oregon State Agricultural College.

Duniway, David. "Lord-Schryver, Landscape Architects." Marion County History. 1983-1984; 14: 107-120.

Helphand, Kenneth and Rottle, Nancy. "Cultivating Charm." Garden Design. 1988; 74(3): 26-33, 88. A study of the Deepwood gardens, Salem, OR; and Lord and Schryver's design philosophy. Illustrated with garden plan.

Land and Community Associates (Charlottesville, VA and Eugene, OR). Historic Deepwood Estate: Historic Landscape Report. Salem, Oregon: Friends of Deepwood; 1990. Historic landscape survey of Deepwood Gardens. Illustrations, plans and recommendations.

Lord Elizabeth and Schryver, Edith. Sunday Oregonian (Portland). 6 March 1932 - 1 May 1932. A series of nine newspaper articles discussing various aspects of residential landscape design.

White, Laura. Lord and Schryver. University of Oregon; 1992. Unpublished M.L.A. project. Basic survey of Lord and Schryver's life and work.

The archives of Lord and Schryver are maintained by the University of Oregon, Knight Library as Special Collection 98. The collection is contained in 28 boxes with information on 238 projects. Plans, drawings, correspondence files, office files, subject files, texts of lectures, including "Home Garden Hour" radio scripts, which detail a day in the office of a landscape architect; and journals of their European trip. Photographs and glass lantern slides are housed in the Photograph Collection. There is little biographical data; personal items were removed at the request of the donors.

Contributed by Kenneth Helphand

Manning, Warren Henry, b. 1860, d. 1938. Warren Henry Manning was born in the small town of Reading, MA and received his first practical landscape instruction from his father, nursery-owner Jacob Manning. However, convinced that he must "find a place with the most eminent man in the landscape profession," he applied for, and secured, work in the office of Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr. (1888). Under Olmsted, Manning supervised nearly 100 projects, including the planting of "Biltmore Estate," in Asheville, NC, and the installation of plants at the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893. Manning began his own practice in Cambridge, MA in 1896, working, between 1901 and 1905, with his brother, J. Woodward Manning.

Warren Manning's contributions to the field of landscape architecture were more significant for their relationship to environmental planning and populist movements than for their investigations into questions of "pure" design. His long and successful career (1888-1938) included work on over 1,700 projects ranging from city, park, and campus planning, to roadways, resorts, communities, cemeteries, and estates. His design for the Harrisburg, PA park system (1903, undertaken while he was still in practice with his brother) foreshadowed modern environmentallybased planning movements. Yet Manning never broke with his 19th-century horticultural roots. He is generally considered one of the most accomplished plantsmen of the 20th century.

Manning also made significant contributions to the development of the profession of landscape architecture. In 1899, he was one of the twelve founding members of the American Society of Landscape Architects, later the organization's president, when he used his term of office to strenuously advocate the creation of a National Park Service. Manning's long friendship with J. H. McFarland provided a context for their work in founding the American Park and Outdoor Art Association, one of the core organizations of the American Civic Association. While developing a practice with a national scope, Manning also trained many promising younger practitioners, including Albert D. Taylor, Fletcher Steele, Charles Gillette, Wilbur Cook, Margorie Sewell Cautley, Stephen Hamblin, Helen Bullard, and Dan Kiley.

He pioneered the use of resource-based planning and developed sophisticated inventory systems utilizing grids and overlays. At a time when the City Beautiful Movement was encouraging the construction of Beaux Arts civic centers, Manning advocated multiple, neighborhood-based centers and resource-based planning. He also championed community-based gardening, land

scape design, planning and implementation. His concern for the country's future led him to write a 1000-page National Plan, based on his own research.

Among Manning's most important residential projects were estates for: Gustave Pabst (Milwaukee), August and Adolphus Busch (St. Louis), Frank Seiberling ("Stan Hywet," Akron, OH), James Tufts (Asheville, NC), P. H. Peavy (Lake Minnetonka, MN), Ira Cobb (Northport, ME), Galen L. Stone (Marion, MA), Stanley Field and A. A. Sprague (Lake Bluff, IL), Cyrus McCormick ("Walden," Lake Forest, IL), J. H. Wittemore (Middlebury, CT), Finley Barell (Lake Forest, IL), Frank Peavey (MN), and wild gardens he created for Clement A. Griscom (Haverford, PA), J. J. Borland (Camden, ME), Cyrus McCormick (Lake Forest, IL), and William Mather (Cleveland, OH). Manning eventually completed 60 jobs under the patronage of William Mather's company, Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Ore Company, in upper Michigan. He also worked extensively for Tennessee Coal and Iron Company (Birmingham and Mobile, AL), and for Pinehurst Resort (Asheville, NC client, James Tufts). Manning designed parks or park systems in Milwaukee, WI, Minneapolis, MN, St. Paul, MN, Providence, RI, Wilkes-Barre, PA, Louisville, KY, Cincinnati, OH and many other cities. His jobs list includes projects for the University of Minnesota, Virginia Military Institute, Cornell University, University of Virginia, University of Massachusetts, Richmond College, Western Reserve Academy, University of Minnesota, Tuskegee Institute, Lake Forest University, Asherville University, Massachusetts Agricultural College, North Carolina State College, and many other secondary schools.

Manning was a prolific, though idiosyncratic, writer. In an inspirational, often conversational style, he addressed topics from planning to planting, from the meaning of the profession to national parks. His work appeared in proE fessional journals, popular magazines and newspapers.

t

Child, Susan. "Warren Manning 1860-1938: The Forgotten Genius of the American Landscape." The Journal of New England Garden History. Fall 1991; 1: 29-37. Manning's career and a perspective on his residential work, particularly "Stan Hywet Hall," Akron, OH.

Elwood, Jr., P. H. (Ed.). American Landscape Architecture. New York, NY: Architectural Book Publishing Co.; 1924. 3 photos of Harrisburg, PA Park System; aerial photo of resort at Pinehurst, NC.

Warren H. Manning. (Photo courtesy of Warren H. Manning Collection, Center for Lowell History, University of Massachusetts at Lowell.)

Fitch, James M. and Rockwell, F. F. Treasury of American Gardens. New York, NY: Harper & Brothers; 1956. The Mather Estate, Cleveland, OH; credited to Manning (pp. 87).

Lambeth, William Alexander and Manning, Warren H. Thomas Jefferson as an Architect and a Designer of Landscapes. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company; 1913. Manning's analyses of the landscape designs for Monticello and the University of Virginia were among the first discussions of Jefferson as a landscape architect. Manning's article emphasizes Jefferson's abilities as a planner and planter.

Manning, Warren Henry. The Autobiography of Warren H. Manning. Unpublished draft located in Manning Collection, Center for Lowell History, University of Massachusetts. Manning was working on his autobiography in collaboration with a freelance editor when he died in 1938. He left behind two versions and several preparatory documents. A third version, substantially re-written by Egbert Hans, is also in the Lowell collection. Researchers will find much interesting

information in these manuscripts; Manning's early years and projects receive more complete treatment than do the later.

Manning, Warren H. City Plan of Birmingham. Birmingham, AL: 1919. This unusual, limited edition publication was sold by subscription. The Birmingham Plan, unlike other "City Beautiful" schemes, advocated multiple neighborhood-based centers instead of a single, grandiose civic center.

Manning, Warren Henry. Directions for Surveying and Arranging Home and School Grounds. Boston: Rockwell and Churchill Press; 1900. (Lowell.)

Manning, Warren Henry. Goodyear Heights. Akron, OH: George L. Curtis Publishing Company; 1923. (Lowell.)

Manning, Warren Henry. A Handbook for Planning and Planting Home Grounds. North Billerica, MA: Talbot Mills; 1897. Manning's notebook, which was distributed free to Billerica residents, includes directions for laying out properties, planting, collecting native plants, maintenance, and fruit and vegetable cultivation. Extensive plant lists are also included. Manning's interest in small-scale, populist design guides his recommendations.

Manning, Warren Henry. Nation Wide Conservation. Unpublished paper prepared for the Fourth Conference on State Parks at Gettysburg, PA, May 1924. (Lowell.)

Manning, Warren Henry. Park Design and Planting. Unpublished paper delivered to Park and Outdoor Association, Louisville, KY, 22 April 1897. (Lowell.)

Manning, Warren Henry. The Purpose and Practice of Landscape Architecture. Unpublished paper. (Gray Herbarium, Harvard University.)

Manning, Warren Henry. Report to Accompany a Plan for the University of Virginia. Charlottesville, VA: 8 October 1908. (Lowell.)

Manning, Warren H. "A Critique of the Exhibitions of the Department of Horticulture at the Columbian Exposition, 1893." Abstracts from Annals of Horticulture of North America. 1893. (An original unedited draft of this paper is in the Loeb Library, Harvard.)

Manning, Warren H. "A Step Towards Solving the Industrial Housing Problem." The American City Pamphlets. 1913; 131.

Manning, Warren H. "Wild Flower Preserves." Billerica, the North Shore Illinois Edition. 1915; 4(6): 3 (Part 2). Typical of other articles on similar topics, Manning argues here for the establishment of wildflower preserves in the suburbs north of Chicago. As early as the 1880s, Manning had prepared articles on native plants for The Ladies' Floral Cabinet and Vicks Monthly. Billerica was the second of three magazines Manning established, all with the same title: it was financed by Cyrus McCormick, one of Manning's clients. The third edition was subtitled "A National Plan Magazine" and was based on Manning's recommendations for natural resource planning.