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Queen's Marys: a romance of Holyrood. London, 1892. [B.] SCOTT, SIR WALTER, Kenilworth. New York, Burt.

Illustrative Material - Poetry. BANKS, JOHN, The Albion Queens: or, the death of Mary, Queen of Scots; a tragedy, in British Theatre, Bell, XXII. BURNS, ROBERT, Lament of Mary, Queen of Scots, on the Approach of Spring. Cumnor Hall, in EVANS, IV. Edom O'Gordon, in MAIDMENT, Ballads, I; FINLAY, I. HUGO, Victor, Amy Robsart, in his ŒŒuvres, Drame, V. JONES, HENRY, The Earl of Essex; a tragedy, in London Stage, III. LONGFELLOW, H. W., Sir Humphrey Gilbert. LYTTON, BULWER-, Mary Stuart and her Mourner, in his Poetical Works, ed. of 1852, I. MACAULAY, T. B., The Armada, in his Poetical Works, 141-145; Miscellaneous Works, IV. MASSEY, GERALD, Sir Richard Grenville's Last Fight, in his Poems, II. SCHILLER, FREDERICK, Mary Stuart, tr. SWINBURNE, A.G., Mary Stuart; a tragedy. London, Chatto, 1899.

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SECTION 46

Elizabeth (C), 1587–1603

Summary. War with Spain: attitude of the other powers; preparation of the Armada; Drake's expedition to Cadiz; plan of the Armada's attack; English preparations for resistance; comparison of the opposing navies; the fight up the Channel; further misfortunes of the Spaniards; English reprisals, and subsequent armadas; significance of the war. Domestic affairs: the Marprelate tracts; persecution of sectaries; parliamentary opposition to monopolies; a new generation of courtiers; treason of Essex; decline and death of Elizabeth.

Sources-Individual Works. BURNET, Own Time, I, 6–12. CECIL, Letters. FOXE, Martyrs, Seymour ed., 1067-1074. HATTON, Correspondence (Camden Soc., 1878), I, 1-2. RALEIGH, SIR W., Guiana. RALEIGH, SIR W., The Revenge (Arber reprints), 16-32, 36–88, 90–96.

Sources-Collections. ADAMS and STEPHENS, 325-326. Arber, English Garner, VII, 57–184; VIII, 341–350, 476–484; new ed., Stuart Tracts, 1603-1693, 1-10; cf. introd.; Voyages and Travels, 2 vols., passim. ARBER, Pilgrim Fathers, 71-86. BUND, WILLIS-, I, 271-275, 278-304. Calendar, Carew MSS., 1515–1624, II, 439–491; III-IV. Calendar, State Papers, Domestic, 1581-1603, Vol. I, 385, to Vol. V, 319; VII, 241-421; Ireland, 1574–1600, Vol. II, 255, to Vol. VIII; Scotland, 1 509– 1603, etc., I, 548-560; II, 1-821, 851; in Venice, VIII, passim; IX. Calendar, Treasury, 1556–1728, I, 1–3. CHILD, Church and State, 418-429. COBBETT, I, 1249–1452. COLBY, 159–162, 171–177. EDWARDS, Raleigh,

II, 40-269; app., 397-406. ELLIS, Third Ser., IV, 74-158. English Hist. Rep., II, 21-22 [Bibl.]. GEE and HARDY, 492-508. HALLIWELL, II, 81-98. Harleian Miscellany, 12-vol. ed., II, 130–534; 8-vol. ed., I, 366-368, 424; II, 377-379; III, 76–89; IV, 229–233, 292-300; VII, 115-123. HART, Contemporaries, I, 96-101, 161-163. HENDERSON, E. F., Side-Lights, 26-32. Journals of Parliament (D'EwES), 419–689. KENDALL, 184-208. LAUGHTON, Naval Miscellany (Navy Records), I, 37-92; cf. introd. LAUGHTON, State Papers relating to the Armada (Navy Records), 2 vols. LEE, G. C., 310–315. LODGE, E., Illustrations, II, 302-584. PARK, Nugae Antiquae, I, 159–324. Parker Soc. Publications, see index vol. PAYNE, Seamen, First Ser., 258-302, 332396. POLLARD, A. F., Tudor Tracts, 485–502. Privy Council of Scot., IV, 145-834; cf. introd. PROTHERO, 116-117 (cf. introd., pp. i-cxxv, passim). ROBINSON, Readings, II, xxviii, 189-193; xxxiii, 351-352 [Bibl.]. Somers Tracts, I, 109-160, 239-292, 463-473. Statutes at Large, II, 551-621. STEDMAN and HUTCHINSON, American Lit., II, 336-337. STEPHEN, Trials, III, 3–87, 91–102. WRIGHT, Elizabeth, II, 394-495.

Modern Accounts, Group I. ADAMS, W. H. D., Heroes, passim. ANDREWS, C. M., England, 317-324; map, 364. BISHOP, Pictures, 203-206 (HUME). CHEYNEY, England, xiii, 363-369, 379-381; map, 365. CLARK, W., Anglican Reformation (Epochs Church Hist.), xxiiixxiv, 336-362. COMAN and KENDALL, History for High Schools, map, 261. CREIGHTON, M., Age of Elizabeth (Epochs), 187-189, 227-237; maps, title-page, 190. CREIGHTON, M., Tudors (Epochs Eng. Hist.), Book V, 130-144; map, 131. EWALD, State Papers, 172-193. GARDINER, S. R., Student's Hist., 458-480. GREEN, J. R., Short Hist., 418459; illus. ed., II, 889-931; map, 889. HIGGINSON and CHANNING, English Hist., 135-139. LARNED, History for Schools, 305-334; maps, 313-318. LAWLESS, Ireland (Nations), 193–219; map, 217. LINGARD, England, abr., 405-418. MONTGOMERY, Leading Facts, 221-224. MORRIS, W. O., Ireland (Cambridge Hist.), iv, 83-121. OMAN, England, xxiv, 337-341, 345-349. PAYNE, Seamen, Ser. I, introd., pp. vxxiv. POWERS, Reformation (Oxford Manuals), ix, 121-136; table, 137. RANSOME, Advanced Hist., v, 469-482; map, 476. SKOTTOWE, Parliament, 52-55. SMITH, G., United Kingdom, I, xix, 367-403, passim. STORY, British Empire (Nations), I, 127-211. TERRY, B., England, 612-617. TERRY, B., History for Schools, Part III, Book II, vii, 298-306. WALKER, A. P., English Hist. (Essentials), xix, 285-286. WRONG, British Nation, 315-322. YONGE, Cameos, Ser. V, xxviiiXxxviii, 273-400.

Modern Accounts, Group II. AUBREY, English Nation, II, 267276. BAGWELL, Ireland, III, xlii-lii, 172-440; map, 244. BAYLEY, Tower of London, 62-89, 131-205, 212-257. BLUNT, Reformation, II, vi-viii, 333-462, passim. BOURNE, H. R. F., Seamen, I, viii-x, 200304; II, xvi, 246-308. BRIGHT, J. F., England, II, 558-580. BROSCH, England (German ed.), VI, xix, 640-684. BROWN, P. H., Scotland, II, Book VI, i, 167-239; map, 208. BRUCE, Virginia, I, 1-70. BURKE, S. H., Portraits, IV, 225-259, 551-570. BURTON, J. H., Scotland, VI, 37-144. Cambridge Mod. Hist., III, Religious Wars, 328-363 (S. LEE); 505-525, 528-537 (M. HUME); 599-616 (R. DUNLOP). CAMPBELL, Admirals, I, xii, 319-454. CAMPBELL, Chancellors, II, 166–220, 272322. CAMPBELL, Justices, I, vi-vii, 186-221. CHILD, Church and State, x, 233, to xii, 281; note, 305-319. CORBETT, Drake and the Tudor Navy, II, iv-xi, etc., 113-440. CORBETT, Successors of Drake. CRAIK and MACFARLANE, Pictorial Hist., II, 678-694. Dictionary Nat. Biog., see lives of William Allen, Edmund Anderson, Roger Ascham, Anthony Bacon, Francis Bacon, Robert Beale, Robert Devereux, John Hayward, Hugh O'Neill. DUNLOP, Plantation of Munster, in Eng. Hist. Rev., 1888, III, 250-269. FISKE, New Eng., 50-68. FISKE, Old Virginia, I, i, 1–40. Foss, Judges; see especially 35-41 (Bacon), 329– 332 (Hatton). FROUDE, Armada, 90-154 (PEREZ). FULLER, T., Church Hist., III, Book IX, Sects. VII-VIII, 93–156; Book X, Sect. I, 162–168. GRANT, J., Battles, I, 166-194. GREEN, J. R., English People, II, 448500. HANNAY, Navy, 116–145. HÄUSSER, Reformation, 574–602. HOZIER, Invasions, I, xiii, 217-236. HUME, D., England, IV, xlii, 97– 103; xliii-xliv, 104-183; cf. Notes N-R, 521-525. JENNINGS, A. C., The Church, xii, 324–340. JOYCE, Short Hist. of Ire., Part IV, viii– xvii, 466-542. KILLEN, Ireland, I, Book III, v, 448-469. KNIGHT, England, III, xvii-xix, 259–306. LANG, Scotland, II, xii-xviii, 333-477 [Bibl.]. LARNED, Ready Reference, II, 845; III, 1763–1764 (Ire.); IV, 2862 (Scot.). LAUGHTON, Howard to Nelson, 3-80. LAVISSE et RAMBAUD, Histoire Générale, IV, 941-954; V, 199–200. LINGARD, England, VI, 520–665; app., 709–719. MEREWETHER and STEPHENS, Boroughs and Corporations, II, 1348-1467. MOTLEY, United Netherlands, III, 17-41, 170–599; IV, 1-180. NICHOLS, Progresses of Queen Elizabeth, II, 530–628; III, 1-652. O’FLANAGAN, Chancellors of Ire., I, xx-xxi, 276-295. OPPENHEIM, Navy, in Eng. Hist. Rev., 1891, VI, 465-494. RANKE, England, I, 316–355. ROUND and OPPENHEIM, Navy, in Eng. Hist. Rev., 1894, IX, 709–715. SCHELLING, Queen's Progress, passim. SEELEY, British Policy, I, Part I, ix, 237-250. SMITH, G. B., Parliament, I, Book V, iii, 328-356. SPOTTISWOODE,

Church of Scot., II, Book VI, 390-469; III, Book VI, 1-131. STRYPE,
Reformation, III, Part II, Book II, xv–xxii, 1–159; app., 163–625; IV,
nos. i-cclxxiv, 1-519. TRAILL, Social Eng., III, 418-424. WILLIAMS,
H., Naval Power, v, 41-61. Wordsworth, Biography, III, vii, 561–629.
Biographical: BACON : Church, R. W. (Eng. Men of Letters), i-ii, 1–54.
Lee, S., Great Englishmen, vi, 219-225. Spedding, I, Book I, iii, 25, to
Book III, ii, 442. BURLEIGH: Hume, M. A. S., xv-xvi, 429-498.
DRAKE: Corbett, xiii, 189-209. ELIZABETH: Beesly (Twelve Eng.
Statesmen), x-xii, 188-240. Marcks, Königen Elisabeth, v-vi, 60–77.
Strickland, Queens, IV, 617-796. HATTON: Nicolas, 482-504, app.,
pp. xvi-lxv.
HENRY OF NAVARRE: Willert (Heroes), v-vii, 183-346.
PHILIP II: Hume, M. A. S., xvii-xviii, 237–262. RALEIGH: Creighton,
L., vi-ix, 67–138. Edwards, E., I, v−vi, 76–107; viii-xvi, 119–338; II,
415-427. Hume, M. A. S. (Builders of Greater Britain), vi-x, 98–229.
Lee, S., Great Englishmen, iv, 133-145. WHITGIFT: Hook, W. F., Arch-
bishops, X, xxiii-xxvi, 121-189. Strype, II, Book IV, i-xxxiii, 1–534.

Bibliography (see also under Sect. 47, and general note, Sect. 2). Cambridge Mod. Hist., III, 821-824, 843-846, 852–859. CORBETT, Drake and the Navy, II, 441-458. CORBETT, Successors of Drake, 439-445. HURST, Literature of Theology, 361. JACOBS, H. E., Lutheran Movement, 357-358. Providence Pub. Lib., Mo. Lists, I, 35 (Armada). Illustrative Material - Prose. BENNETT, JOHN, Master Skylark; a story of Shakespere's time. New York, Century Co., 1901. CORBETT, JULIAN, For God and Gold. London, 1887. [B. P. L.] DUMAS, ALEXANDRE, La Reine Margot. Paris, Calmann-Lévy. HENTY, G. A., By England's Aid. New York, Scribner, 1891. JAMES, G. P. R., Gowrie : or, the king's plot. New York, 1871. [B. P. L.] LEIGHTON, Robert, The Golden Galleon. New York, Scribner, 1897. MARSHALL, EMMA, Penhurst Castle in the Time of Sir Philip Sidney. New York, Macmillan, 1893. O'GRADY, STANDISH, Ulrick the Ready: or, the chieftain's last rally. New York, Dodd, 1896. STEPHENS, R. N., Captain Ravenshan: or, the maid of Cheapside; a romance of Elizabethan London. Boston, Page, 1901. STEPHENS, R. N., Gentleman Player; his adventures on a secret mission for Queen Elizabeth. Boston, Page, 1899.

Illustrative Material - Poetry. Astrophel. A Pastoral Elegy upon the Death of the Most Noble and Valorous Knight, Sir Philip Sidney, in BULLEN. Battle of Balrinnes, in MAIDMENT, Ballads, I. Bonnie Earl O'Murray, in FINLAY, I; MAIDMENT, Ballads, I. Drake and Ralegh, in SLADEN. Lamentable Ditty Composed upon the Death of Robert, Lord Devereux, late Earle of Essex, who was

beheaded in the Tower of London, . . . 1600, in HINDLEY, II. Life and Death of Queen Elizabeth, in EVANS, III. LYTTON, Bulwer-, The Last Days of Elizabeth, in his Poetical Works, ed. of 1852, I. Outlaw Murray, in CHILD, V. PEELE, GEORGE, Speeches to Queen Elizabeth at Theobald's, in his Works, II. TENNYSON, ALFRED, The Revenge; a ballad of the fleet, 1591.

SECTION 47

State of Society, 1485–1603

Summary (see also the summaries of Sect. 38 ff.; especially 38, 39, 42, 45, 46). Trade: increase of English traders abroad; opposition to foreign merchants and shipping; changes in the routes of trade. – Industry: tillage versus sheep raising; improvements in agriculture; immigration of alien artisans and growth of manufactures; rise of prices and wages. Increased comfort and expenditure in living: houses and furniture; food; wine and tobacco; dress; festivities; royal progresses; pauperism and poor relief. — Literature, especially of the Elizabethan period: Wyatt, Surrey, Sidney, Spenser, Ascham, Lyly, Hooker, Camden, Holinshed, Hakluyt, Francis Bacon, Raleigh, Ben Jonson, Marlowe, Shakespeare.

Sources-Individual Works. ASCHAM, The Scholemaster (Arber Reprints). CALVIN, Institutes, 2 vols. CELLINI, Autobiography. CHEKE, in STRYPE'S Life of, 189-218 (On Superstition). Customs of London, passim. ELYOT, Gouernour, 2 vols. FISH, Supplication for the Beggars. LUTHER, Life, from his Writings. LUTHER, Tabletalk. LYLY, Euphues, 33-207, 313-478. MACHIAVELLI, The Prince, 9–164; cf. introd., 5-8. MACHYN, Diary. MORE, Utopia, Lumby ed., Adams ed. STARKEY, England. STOW, London, Morley ed., Thoms ed. STUBBES, Anatomie of Abuses, Part II. WELWOOD, Memoirs, 1–19.

Sources - Collections. ARBER, British Anthologies, II (Surrey and Wyatt), III (Spenser), IV (Shakespeare), passim. ARBER, English Garner, I, 20-23, 33-37, 46, 50-56, 130-137, 201-213, 299-309, 458-459; II, 11-29, 33-40, 61-70, 117–130, 141-168, 207-224, 265-268, 287-657; III, 11–31, 159–196, 225–268, 300-333, 368–394, 399–472; IV, 11-27; V, 11-13, 17-18, 87-136, 203–334, 487-560; VI, 11–28, 154–166; VII, 15-38; VIII, 111-116, 245-266, 369–398; new ed., Longer and Shorter Elizabethan Poems, whole vol., passim; Seventeenth Century Tracts, 1-162; cf. introd., vii-xxxii; Voyages and Travels, 2 vols.,

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