U.S. Foreign Assistance in the 1970s: a New Approach: Report to the PresidentU.S. Government Printing Office, 1970 - Broj stranica: 39 |
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abroad administered by AID African Development Bank basis bilateral lending borrowing chairman Congress continuing contribute cooperation coordinate coun DAVID ROCKEFELLER debt defense devel developing countries development lending development loans development programs effective emergency relief encourage environment export finance funds GOTTFRIED HABERLER important increase industrial countries Inter-American Development Bank international agencies International Development Bank International Development Institute international organizations lending countries long-term ment military assistance military equipment military grant million multilateral operations participation Peace Corps political population President priorities private investment private sector problems public safety programs purposes receiving countries requirements rescheduling responsibility restrictions role self-reliance supporting assistance Task Force believes Task Force recommends technical assistance programs TERENCE CARDINAL COOKE tional trade U.S. assistance U.S. bilateral U.S. foreign assistance U.S. foreign policy U.S. Government U.S. International Development U.S. lending U.S. military U.S. policies U.S. programs United welfare and emergency World Bank World Bank Group worldwide
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Stranica 2 - This country should not look for gratitude or votes, or any specific shortterm foreign policy gains from our participation in international development. Nor should it expect to influence others to adopt US cultural values or institutions. Neither can it assume that development will necessarily bring political stability. Development implies change — political and social, as well as economic — and such change, for a time, may be disruptive.
Stranica 3 - The ultimate goal should be to phase out these grant programs. 7. The United States should help make development a truly international effort. A new environment exists: other industrial countries are now doing more, international organizations can take on greater responsibilities, trade and private investment are more active elements in development, and, most important, the developing countries have gained experience and competence. Recognizing these conditions, the United States should redesign...
Stranica 10 - The debt burden of many developing countries is now an urgent problem. It was foreseen, but not faced, a decade ago. It stems from a combination of causes: excessive export credits on terms that the developing countries cannot meet; insufficient attention to exports; and in some cases, excessive military purchases or financial mismanagement. Whatever the causes, future export earnings of some countries are so heavily mortgaged as to endanger continuing imports, investment, and development.
Stranica 3 - ... more, international organizations can take on greater responsibilities, trade and private investment are more active elements in development, and, most important, the developing countries have gained experience and competence. Recognizing these conditions, the United States should redesign its policies so that: — the developing countries stand at the center of the international development effort, establishing their own priorities and receiving assistance in relation to the efforts they are...
Stranica 18 - In the most successful countries, the value of encouraging private initiative has been amply demonstrated. It has made possible more employment opportunities, an upgrading of labor and management skills, a rise in living standards, and wider participation in the benefits of development. Furthermore, a dynamic private sector has resulted in greater internal savings, more effective use of domestic and foreign investment resources, and rapid economic growth, in which export industries have played an...
Stranica 3 - Force shares the aspirations of many who have endorsed high targets for development assistance, we have deliberately decided against recommending any specific annual level of US assistance or any formula for determining how much it should be. We do not believe that it is possible to forecast with any assurance what volume of external resources will be needed 5 to 10 years hence. No single formula can encompass all that must be done — in trade, in investment, and in the quality as well as the amount...
Stranica 33 - Each debtor country seeking debt renegotiation should demonstrate by its plans and policies that it is pursuing a coherent development program and appropriate fiscal and financial policies. — Bilateral government and government-guaranteed credits should be rescheduled over a long term. The international lending institutions, however, should not be required to reschedule their outstanding loans. Rescheduling their loans would endanger the ability of international institutions to continue borrowing...
Stranica 35 - ... Council to coordinate US international development activities and relate them to US foreign policy. The Chairman of the Council should be a fulltime official appointed by the President. He should be located in the White House and be served by a small high-level staff. The Council should consist of...
Stranica 36 - Report that the level of foreign assistance "is only one side of the coin. The other side is a convincing determination that these resources can and will be used effectively.
Stranica 36 - Foreign assistance, like domestic programs, cannot be changed drastically from year to year without either a sacrifice of the goals the United States seeks <>r damage to the means for achieving them. Foreign assistance involves continuing programs, the actions of many other nations, and a functioning international framework — for all of which the position of the United States is of the greatest importance. This highlights the need for timely approval of the 1971 foreign assistance budget. Disruption...