ANTIQUITY OF THE TUPPER FAMILY The recent two-hundred-and-fiftieth anniversary of the town of Sandwich, Massachusetts, was productive of many interesting historical and genealogical reminiscences. In a recent number of the Springfield Republican the following item appeared: A thriving farm on the line of the Cape Cod ship canal, not far from Sagamore, has been in the hands of the Tupper family since it was first settled in 1624. Thus this has passed from father to son through six generations to the present Mr. Tupper, and is doubtless the nearest example we have in America of the entailed estates in England. When the founder of this line, Thomas Tupper, settled on the land, the place was known as Shaum, an Indian village. He was a man of strict business habits, and his first will, still preserved, shows the methods by which property is retained in one family for two hundred and fifty years. It is a clear case of genuine pedigree, with none of the pomp in which it often parades nowadays." The date, 1624, would seem to be an error, as "Thomas Tupper was one of ten men " to settle Sandwich in 1637. This Tupper family is one of the most ancient in the United States, emigrating originally from Germany. An autograph letter from Martin F. Tupper (in possession of the writer of this article) gives some interesting facts about the Tuppers. Worthy Sir and indubitably distant Cousin, "CINTRA PARK: UPPER In answer to your kind letter written a month ago, I give you these few details respecting our family in the ages that are past. There was a Thuringian magnate of the name of Conrad Von Treffurth, who in 1260, was hailed Von Toppherr-or chief lord-as he was head of several septs of nearly the same name, as Topfer, Toepfern, Tapfer and Tophern; they had castles at Gros Toepfer and Klein Toepfer near Weimar, and possessed several other large estates. However, being of the Protestant sort and therefore hostile to Charles V. and Philip-as well as Pope Innocent and others preceding-they incurred persecution and the loss of all things for conscience sake; and are found at Hesse Cassel about 1520, from which three brothers Tupper migrated severally to Sandwich in Sussex, Guernsey, and Chichester; their names being Robert, Henry, and William. Henry is my direct ancestor, and his second son Peter had a son a clergy man of Barbadoes, who is stated by tradition to have migrated to North America: possibly this was your Thomas. Freeman's History of Massachusetts will give you ten generations of the Tuppers out there; and besides Sir Charles, there are plenty of prosperous merchants and lawyers of the name, as Wm. Vaughan Tupper of Brooklyn, New York; Samuel Y. Tupper of Charleston, South Carolina; Mason Ferris Tupper of, I think, Buffalo, and others." Whether Martin Farquhar Tupper's conjecture about Thomas Tupper is correct or not is uncertain. With reference to the Guernsey branch of the Tupper family it is said in De Haviland's Genealogical Sketches: "This family, settled in Guernsey since the close of the sixteenth century, has always ranked and been considered among the principal gentry of the island; many of its members have gallantly fought and bled, or otherwise distinguished themselves in the public service; and their arms and crest, granted and registered in England, bear evidence of well-earned augmentation; they are described as follows: Arms: azure on a fess engrailed on three wild boars passant, or; as many escallops gules; on a canton ermine, a medal suspended by a chain, bearing the effigies of William and Mary, gold. Crest on a mound vert a greyhound ermine resting its dexter forepaw on an escutcheon azure, thereon the gold medal of William and Mary. The reverse of this medal represents a sea fight, and bears the singular legend of Nox Nulla Secuta Est.'" Among the most distinguished members of the Guernsey branch of the Tupper family may be mentioned: "Ist. John Tupper, who, in 1692, conveyed to Admiral Russell, at St. Helen's, the information that the French fleet under Tourville was in the Channel; the celebrated battle of La Hogue was the result. For this patriotic service Mr. Tupper was presented by William and Mary with a massive gold medal and chain, which his descendants are permitted to bear as an honorable augmentation to their arms and crest. 2d. Major-General John Tupper, commander-inchief of the Royal Marines. He was commandant of a battalion at Bunker Hill, where he was slightly wounded and where the marines, having greatly distinguished themselves, won the laurel which now encircles their device. 3d. Lieutenant Carré Tupper, of H. M. S. Victory (Lord Hood's flag-ship), was made lieutenant at just seventeen. After distinguishing himself at the siege of Toulon, in 1793, he was killed at the siege of Bastia, 1794. A monument was erected to Major-General Tupper and his son (Carré) in the church at Chatham. 4th. Peter Carey Tupper, British consul first for Valencia and next for Catalonia, highly distinguished himself in the Peninsular war from 1808 to 1814. His name appears honorably in Napier's history and in the duke of Wellington's dispatches. In May, 1808, when not quite twenty-four years of age, he was appointed a member of the Supreme Junta of the kingdom of Valencia. In 1816 the king of Spain conferred upon him the title of baron. He had a pension of six hundred pounds a year for his services. 5th. Lieutenant E. William Tupper, of H. M. S. Sybille, was mortally wounded, in command of the launch, in action with Greek pirates near Candia, 1826. 6th. Colonel William De Vic Tupper was slain near Talca, Chile, April 17, 1830, aged twenty-nine years." It may be remarked that Lieutenant E. William Tupper and Colonel William De Vic Tupper were nephews of Major-General Sir Isaac Brock, K. B. "7th. Captain William Le Mesurier Tupper, Twenty-third or Royal Welsh Fusiliers (also colonel in the British Auxiliary Legion in Spain), was mortally wounded at the head of his regiment, near St. Sebastian, May 5, 1836." From the Guernsey branch there are other distinguished members of the family; but space will permit me to mention only Martin Farquhar Tupper, author of Proverbial Philosophy and numerous other works. Martin Farquhar's three daughters have won some reputation in literature. An interesting letter from one of these ladies, Ellen Isabelle Tupper, is in possession of the writer. It is probable that many names of distinguished members of the Tupper family have been omitted, as tradition reports that there were Tuppers among the Cavaliers. Of the Tuppers in Massachusetts and other parts of the United States much might be written. The following members of the family are not without some claims to distinction: Ist. Thomas Tupper, one of the founders of Sandwich; he was generally known as Captain Tupper; was said to be in favor with the government in 1663; he gave his attention to the Indians in 1658; founded a church near Herring river; was a member of the council of war, a selectman many years, deputy nineteen years, besides giving much of his time to the work of gospelizing the Indians. 2d. Thomas Tupper, junior, married Martha Mayhew, daughter of the governor of Martha's Vineyard. He (Thomas Tupper) was prominent in public affairs. Says an old writer, "The family furnished Sandwich and other places with some worthy characters, some of whom were men of abilities." Thomas Tupper was also a missionary to the Indians. 3d. Samuel Tupper was a representative seven years, and a selectman nineteen years. 4th. Rev. Elisha Tupper was a missionary to the Indians. His “Correspondence with the Commissioners for propagating the gospel among the Indians" has much historical value. Several others of the family were missionaries to the Indians. 5th. General Benjamin Tupper served in the French and Indian war, was in the battle of Bunker Hill, distinguished himself in an expedition to an island in Boston Harbor, and "was thanked by Washington in general orders." Of this daring act of General (then Major) Tupper it has been said that "Jefferson saw in it the adventurous genius and intrepidity of the New Englanders, and the British admiral said, that no one act in the siege caused so much chagrin in London as the destruction of the lighthouse." He was also at Saratoga and Valley Forge, was prominent in suppressing Shay's rebellion, and one of the pioneers of Ohio. His son Anselm "was the first school-teacher in Marietta, and was a fine classical scholar, a good mathematician and something of a poet; " General Edward W. Tupper, another son of General Benjamin Tupper, was also a distinguished man. In passing it may be remarked that Point Tupper in Canada was named after Mr. F. B. Tupper, and that the Tupper Lakes of New York received their name from the fact that Anselm Tupper was drowned in one of them. 6th. Sir Charles Tupper, Bart., is the son of Rev. Charles Tupper, a famous linguist. "He is a graduate of Acadia College" and of Edinburgh university. He has been member of parliament, minister of railways, minister of finance, Canadian high commissioner, and a member of the fishery commission. He has also been knighted and made a baronet by the Queen of England. 7th. Hon. Charles Hibbert Tupper, son of the preceding, is a graduate of the Harvard Law School, and is now the youngest member of the Dominion cabinet. 8th. Rev. H. A. Tupper, D.D., is secretary of the Southern Baptist Missionary Society. 9th. Rev. H. M. Tupper, D.D., is president of Shaw university, Raleigh, North Carolina. 10th. Edith Sessions Tupper is the author of a novel, By Whose Hand? Rev. S. T. Rand, LL.D., of Nova Scotia, and at one time master of at least twelve languages, says: "Whatever talent I have been blessed with, I have inherited from my mother, Deborah Tupper." Among the families into which the Tuppers have married are those of Mayhew, Gibbs, Clark, Wheaton, Smith, Morton, Dunkin, Basset, Ellis, West, Perry, Gifford, Faunce, Nye, Jackson, Wood, Willis, Davis, Lord, White, Allen, Binney, Van Buskirk, Bill, Barker and others. Rev. H. M. Tupper, D.D., says: "It may be a matter of interest to the descendants to learn that the old Tupper mansion is still standing in Sandwich, Massachusetts, owned and occupied by one bearing the family name, Russell Ellis Tupper." Frederic Alliam Pupper. SHELBURNE FALLS, MASSACHUSETTS. Гарри FINANCIAL CONDITION OF NEW YORK IN 1833 In 1833 the French government under Louis Philippe employed M. Sauluier, a literary man well known at the time, to prepare a series of articles to prove that a republic was more expensive than a monarchy. General Lafayette urged Mr. J. Fenimore Cooper, then living in Paris, and with whom he was on intimate terms, to answer these articles of M. Sauluier, which were full of errors, though claiming great accuracy. The following letter is one of the series written by Mr. Cooper at the request of General Lafayette, and published after translation, in the National newspaper. "Monsieur M. Sauluier lays great stress on the debts of the states, and gives what he evidently thinks a correct account of one, which luckily is that of my own state, New York. M. Sauluier says that the governor of New York names in his message $8,055,645 as the present debt of the state. This is very true, but haste has prevented M. Sauluier from ascertaining the circumstances of that debt. The governor of New York himself greatly quali fies the fact, though, as his message is addressed to those who were familiar with the real state of the case, he limits his explanations to all that it was necessary to say at that moment. New York has no debt except that which arises from money borrowed to complete her canals. This money cannot be repaid, by the conditions of the loans, for a few years to come, except as the rentes may be bought in the market, and consequently it remains a charge on paper until it can be paid. When this money was borrowed the population of New York but a little exceeded a million, and as so heavy an enterprise in so small a community appeared hazardous, the lenders required especial securities for the repayment of their money. New York is the owner of numerous salt springs, which are rented to the public on condition that he who makes a bushel of salt from the water shall pay 12% cents, or about 70 centimes, rent to the state. This rent is, in common parlance, called a 'duty,' but it is strictly a rent for the use of the water, since any one who owns a spring of this nature can make salt without paying these 121⁄2 cents, or salt made anywhere else is not liable to the exaction. Now the proceeds of these salt springs, the receipts of the canals themselves, and |