Revelation, in harmony with the trend of modern thought. 3. Biblical MSS. J. A. J.

1. Dr. Ellinwood's "Oriental Religions and Christianity" (Scribners, New York, $1.75); Clarke's "Ten Great Religions and Comparison of All Religions "(Hough ton, Mifflin & Co., Boston, $2 each); Dr. Matheson's "Distinctive Messages of the Old Religions "(Randolph, New York, $1.75). 2. This is a vein that has been overworked, and yields more slate than coal. Modern thought pays little attention to it. What there is to know about it can be found in Lange's Commentaries on the two books

(Scribners, New York). They can be probably be bought cheaply of second-hand dealers. 3. Fully treated in Dr. Schaff's" Companion to the Greek Testament and the English Version" (Harper & Brothers, New York); for a popular account see J. P. Smyth's "The Old Documents and the New Bible (James Pott & Co., New York), and Dr. Rice's "Our Sixty-six Sacred Books"( "(Sunday-School Union, Philadelphia); price, estimated, $2, $1, and 50 cents respectively. But the whole question as to which group of MSS. contains the original New Testament text has lately been reopened by the strongly supported claim that the codex Bezæ ("D") with its associates presents an older and more reliable text than those hitherto preferred by scholars. The discussion of this is now in progress.

Please explain what Christ meant when he cried out on the cross, "My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?" Or, rather, why did he use the expression? The orthodox preach that God had turned away from Christ in wrath, which caused the expression; I cannot think that correct. It is not comforting to think that Christ should not have passed into the eternal world with at least as much serenity as Socrates. I fully believe that Christ was divine beyond Socrates. I have partly, to my satisfaction, solved the question as follows: That Christ, in his earnest and assiduous communion with God, had so far conquered the weakness of the flesh that he linked the human and divine in such close and sweet communion that the parting of the spirit with the flesh called forth from the human side the expression in question. A. J. A.

Jesus's last words, " Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit," are evidence that he met death with serenity. The expression you quote was hours earlier, and certainly indi

cates that a shadow then came over him. But the accounts of the crucifixion show that it brought to the mind both of his disciples and his enemies the 22d Psalm. Compare John xix., 24, and Matthew xxvii., 43, with Psalm xxii., 18 and 8. Now, the first verse

of that psalm contains the very words of Jesus's impassioned cry to God. Describing, as the psalm does, the sufferings and the faith of a righteous man under the power of his enemies, the most natural supposition is that Jesus's mind recurred to it and adopted it as descriptive of his own case. As the whole scene pictured in the psalm rose in his memory, the first words of the psalm would naturally rise to his lips. This is far more reasonable than to attribute his cry to a sense of the wrath of God, which by no means all "the orthodox" preach.

the sexual and the religious nature, as evidenced by the concomitant development of the same, as well as in the fact that when religion becomes degraded it seems to run to the sexual side. Do you know of any literature along this line? I shall be glad if you can give me any suggestions. C. H. H.

There seems to be a close connection between

There is nothing as yet that is thorough and satisfactory in this obscure line of inquiry. Much that has been written is futile, as being by writers not themselves religious. President Hall, of Clark University, is underconversion, and we may hope for light from stood to be investigating the psychology of him. The proceedings of the recent Baptist Congress contain a discussion of that subject, though not a profound one (American Baptist Publication Society, 158 Fifth Avenue). The fact that the period of puberty is, especially for those who have been religiously nurtured, the period when religious impulses are conspicuous, does not seem to belong to the domain of physiology. All spiritual life, of course, is evolved out of physical life, but is more than physical, because the ultimate root of all nature is spirit. And as the human race, with its spiritual characteristics, appeared just when the evolution of animal life had reached its climax, so it seems most natural that the period when the animal life of the individual human being rounds out into ripeness should also be the period when his spiritual life wakens into activity and selfconsciousness. The coincidence is no evidence of the causation of the one by the other. The spiritual development is often precocious, long preceding the physical, and often tardy, long subsequent.

In Notes and Queries, The Outlook, August 27, is an inquiry as to author of " Genevra." The poem of "Ginevra " is by Samuel Rogers. It may be found in Bryant's "Library of Poetry and Song," and probably in most of the anthologies. J. R. H.

Weather: Within and Without
By L. H. Crane

My dear little daughter,

It rains day by day;

And the sky up above
Looks gloomy and gray,
And the street down below

Looks muddy and wet,

And the wind sobs and scolds

Without hindrance or let.

For, taken by spells or taken together, It is the most sulky and bad-tempered weather.

If my little daughter

Should whine and should fret,
And should cry till with tears
Her cheeks were all wet;
Should scowl up her eyebrows,
And stick her lips out,
Till from forehead to chin
'Twas all frown and all pout,

Such looks and such sounds, all taken together,

Would make in our home a still worse sort of weather.

Whenever the sunshine
Comes out for the day,
Whenever wee daughter
Is loving and gay,
The sun smiling above
In merry blue skies

Smiles dancing and twinkling

In daughter's blue eyes

'Tis then that we have, all taken together, Both outdoors and indoors, most beautiful weather.

A True Fairy-Tale

By M. P. Smith

Once upon a time there was a beautiful creature that was condemned to wear the shape of a great green caterpillar for a certain time. It was about two and a quarter inches long, a pea-green color, and dotted all over with little feathery-looking tufts of spines, which, however. did not feel in the least feathery, for if you chanced to touch one of them it would give you a sharp sting.

Tufty never murmured at his lot, even though people, when they saw him, were apt to cry out, "Oh! see that ugly green worm !"

but he crawled around patiently, and no one would have thought from his behavior that he expected ever to be anything but a big green caterpillar. One day Tufty crawled along the path right in front of me, and I, believing that he was some beautiful creature in disguise, picked him up carefully on a large leaf and carried him home with me.

I established my pet in a nice cardboard box with glass over the top and air-holes in the sides But what to feed Tufty I didn't know. He refused elm and maple leaves, clover, and everything else I offered him, and for twenty-four hours the poor thing ate nothing. Finally I offered a blade of corn, and Tufty ate ravenously, like a half-starved creature, as he no doubt was.

For as much as two weeks Tufty lived in his box, nibbling fresh corn-blades every day; then one day he cuddled down in one corner of the box and covered himself all up with a web which he spun himself. How do you suppose he managed to do it? I cannot tell, for I did not get there until the work was about half done, and Tufty looked odd enough, his little shining black head moving back and forth under the loose web he had already made. He made it thicker and thicker, till he was quite hidden from sight in a little box-like apartment, which certainly did not look large enough to contain him.

This was in August, and I never saw Tufty again in the shape of a caterpillar. I brought him home with me from the country in his little brown box, and kept him until January. During all this time I never heard him stirring the least bit. I couldn't resist making a tiny hole with a pin in one end of the box, though the web was so strong and tough as to be very difficult to break. I peeped in, but where was Tufty gone? There was nothing inside that looked at all like him; nothing but a little dark-brown, shiny object, smooth, and oval in shape. Still, having made up my mind not to expect to see Tufty in his proper shape for some time, I wasn't going to give up, no matter how many forms he might assume in the meantime.

One evening early in January, when I went to my room at bedtime, there was a beautiful winged creature perched on a little pictureframe near the box in which Tufty had been

kept. I examined the little brown box which he had made for himself so many months before; a larger hole than the one I had made allowed me to see that it was empty. The pretty creature on the picture-frame then was Tufty, appearing in his own form at last. He had an orange and red body, which alone looked too large to have come out of the hole in the little brown box; and his wings measured three inches from tip to tip. The front pair were fawn-colored, with pretty yellowish-white markings, and the hinder ones brown, with wavy bands of dull red, orange, and black on the lower edge. In the middle of each of these hinder wings was a large spot of blue bordered with black, and in the middle of each spot a white streak. His head was a red-orange color and like velvet.

Perhaps you will think this isn't a fairy story after all when I tell you that Tufty had changed from a caterpillar into a fine moth of the kind the naturalists call Saturnia Io; but stop and consider whether you ever heard of anything more wonderful. First a big green caterpillar; then a litle brown chrysalis, much smaller than the caterpillar, and hidden away in a box or cocoon of its own manufacture; next, a beautiful creature with wings, looking as unlike either caterpillar or chrysalis as possible.

What One Doll Has Done

Ciley, everybody calls her. She has grown up on the street, down on the East Side, under the care of a most loving brother. Neither of them is pretty, yet you could not pass them by without looking at them.

Jimmy is twelve; Ciley is just beginning to walk. Her nursery has been the East Side streets in New York, and as large as the number of streets Jimmy could carry her through. Both are very thin. Always, everywhere, Jimmy and Ciley are together. When Jimmy plays marbles, Ciley is hanging on his back or on his knee, or sitting on the sidewalk beside him.

There is a children's playground near their home, opened last year. In this is a sand-pile. After much coaxing, Ciley was willing to sit in the sand last year; but if Jimmy moved away, the small girl yelled until he came back and stood beside her. This year a baby swing is in this yard, and Ciley was coaxed to sit in it. It is like a closefitting chair, and the straps in front give Ciley the assurance she cannot fall out. It is

worth a long walk to see this little girl in this swing. Such perfect content makes you happy. Jimmy can play or swing in the big swing; Ciley is too happy to miss him.

One day a doll was found in a closet. She had been very pretty, but a club of small girls had played with her, and evidently not gently. You know how one small girl can make a doll look, so you can imagine how twenty small girls can make one doll look. One leg is gone, and the foot of the other leg; one arm is gone entirely, and the other from the elbow. Her beautiful hair is a tangled mop. Her clothes have not been torn. When the doll was found, Ciley was in tre yard. She was called indoors and given the doll. For one minute she did not move, then a most beautiful smile broke over her little white face, and she turned away, carrying the broken doll with great tenderness close in her arms. She went to the swing to be put in it. As soon as she was in it, she smoothed the doll's dress and hair with her hand, and then began humming it to sleep. Ciley was not allowed to take the doll home. The moment she came into the yard she made the caretaker understand she wanted the doll.

One day a lady saw Ciley with the doll. She told some friends, and they at once decided that Ciley should have a doll of her

own.

A week ago she came to the playground with her own doll-a beautiful doll with golden curls all over its head, a gingham dress with a white guimpe, pretty black stockings and slippers and white underclothes, all made by hand, with the daintiest stitches. I doubt if in all the city of New York there is a happier little girl than Ciley; and if you watch Jimmy's face, you will see one of the happiest boy faces in New York. When Ciley is happy, you know how Jimmy feels. A Puzzling Example By Virginia S. Benjamin Dot is five and Jack is ten, She's just half as old as he; When she's ten, why, Jack will be Only one-third more than she. When Jack is twenty she'll be then Just three-fourths as old as he. Now Dot's puzzled-don't you see?—— To know just how long it will be Till she's as old as brother Jack, Who now is twice as old as she.

-St. Nicholas.

Men's Manners

We are accustomed to the statement that the American men of to-day are not as chival rous as were their fathers and grandfathers. The absence of many courtesies that make life more pleasant is deplored. Is not the reason to be found in the changed relation of the woman? To-day she is the natural competitor of men in every field where ability and equipment tell. In the field of sports she enters to win-often wins with a man against her. The woman of to-day finds the whole world the field for her activities; without intention, she is often the successful competitor of men in the business world. Her pictures go to the hanging committee with no distinctive mark but that which her genius has put upon it. Her model goes to the Patent Office under the same laws, subject to the same decisions, as those of father, brother, or husband. If there is in the commercial world any distinction, it is that she receives lower wages than the man when doing the same work.

Recently a woman prominent in Washington State circles died. In the obituary notice recounting her value to the world in which her husband's position placed her, it was stated that one of her charms was that she had the peculiar graces that are natural to a woman not physically strong, who expected to be remembered and cared for. The world of women who expect to be cared for is growing less every year. Whether this is a subject to deplore or rejoice over is a question. The week that recorded the death of this wife of a prominent statesman recorded the death of another prominent woman. The newspaper referred to the difference in the two, saying that the last mentioned was the source of strength and inspiration, her power being felt in every administration that brought her husband into prominence.

Who knows that fragile women are not also a source of inspiration, sometimes a more positive factor in the husband's development? A bright, pretty college girl present when the comment was made sorrowfully that men paid not the slightest attention to women in crowds or crowded cars, while women struggled as fiercely for an advantage as men, said, cheerfully, "I do not want them to remember I'm a woman. I want the oppor

tunity to make my own place, without concessions to my sex." "How angry it makes you to feel a man is not playing fair in tennis or golf! How you are bored when you discover that he is playing to let you win!" said another college girl. 66 How can we treat every woman as if she were a fine lady? Imagine a fine lady clambering on a streetcar in a hurry with a conductor calling Hurry up!''Step lively!" said a man who considers himself a fine judge of manners, as well as the epitome of fine manners. Imagine a fine gentleman holding such views! was the inward comment of those who heard him. Yes, the manners of men have changed, but so have the manners of women. A fair field and no favor is given by the one, and accepted by the other with a fair degree of cheerfulness. But deep down in most women's hearts there lies a feeling of regret. As long as the world lasts. a true woman will rejoice to find herself the object of tender care by a man. Economics are weaker than

nature.

Public Health and Beef and Milk Products The New York State Board of Health appointed a "Tuberculosis Committee" to make a special study and inyestigation and report to the Board the health conditions of the cattle in the State. The Chairman of the "Tuberculosis Committee" reports that no tuberculous cattle have been destroyed by the agents of the Board of Health for two months; that owners who are willing to pay for the testing of their own cattle are invariably found to be willing to destroy all diseased cattle in th ir herds. The distribution of circulars of information and instruction, the Committee reports, is bearing fruit throughout the entire State. The Committee recommend that, for the protection of public health, the sale of the products of diseased cattle be prevented by placing all diseased cattle in quarantine in the locality where they are discovered. The local health authorities can accomplish infinitely more good if left to deal with the local problems under the State Board of Health.

The importing of cattle from Canada and from the Western States is a source of anxiety to the State Board of Health. Within one month from seven to ten per cent. of

the cattle from some of the Western States have been rejected, but as it is left optional with the owners of the diseased cattle whether they are killed or not, the efficiency of this State work is limited to just that extent. What is needed is larger appropriations, the Committee believe, that would keep inspectors at Buffalo and all other points in the State where cattle pass through from other territory. The Committee also advise that this matter receive special attention from the Department of Animal Industries.

Children in the Streets

The philosophy of the Quaker idea of working in silence is well understood. Comparatively few know that there is an organization— a subdivision of the "Friends' Yearly Meeting"-called the " Prison Reform Committee" of the New York Monthly Meeting of Friends. This Committee began years ago agitating the appointment of police matrons. They, with other women's organizations, succeeded in their effort, and to-day there are thirty matrons in police stations in the Borough of Manhattan. At one of the regular monthly meetings held in the Friends' School-house, 226 East Sixteenth Street, it was decided by the Prison Reform Committee that all had not been accomplished that might be through the appointment of matrons to the police stations. The first reform that they wish to accomplish is in regard to the cases of children who are found in the streets and taken to station-houses-technically, the lost children. The Committee believe that where the same child is found astray more than once, detectives should make an investigation to see whether the parents or guardians are negligent. One station-house in New York averages two hundred lost children per month. To find the cause of this number of stray children on the streets of one precinct is one of the things the Committee wish to discover. It urges strongly that every child should have about it, somewhere, its name and address, for then the officer finding it could return the child to its home instead of sending it to a station-house, which this Committee believe to be demoralizing to children. It has been discovered in some instances that mothers deliberately put the children on the streets, expecting to have them taken care of at the station-house; and just here is shown one of the reasons of using the playgrounds of the public schools of the city after school hours and during vacation.

It is almost impossible, if not quite so, for a woman with a number of little children, living up three or four flights of stairs in the rear of a big tenement, to subject her children to the confinement of those rooms. If she does not do this, how can she watch them if she lets them go in the street? The children, as was proved this summer, are glad to go to the school-house grounds, and it is discovered that the mothers take them there and go after them at specified hours.

Another reform is in regard to the commitment of disorderly women. The Prison Reform Committee wish to have such women sent to the Workhouse on a cumulative sentence.

The quiet, effective work of these Quaker women has told in many directions on civic life in New York. They have worked with other organizations and have accepted the assistance of other organizations.

The War of the Chinch-Bug

The chinch-bug is destroying the grass in the Borough of Brooklyn. The Tree-Planting and Fountain Society communicated with the Department of Agriculture, and the entomologist of the Department replied: "On these little city grass-plots the insects can be readily destroyed by spraying copiously with a diluted kerosene emulsion, and this course should be immediately followed to prevent further damage. I advise the immediate use of the standard kerosene soap emulsion, one part to be diluted with twelve of water, the emulsion to be made according to the following formula: Kerosene, two gallons; one-half pound whale-oil soap (or one quart soft soap); one gallon water." This remedy is easily applied.

Women and the Labor Commission

As one of the results of the recent Convention of the National Federation of Women's Clubs, a direct and positive effort is being made to have a woman appointed as one of the National Labor Commissioners. The claim is made that the wage-earning women will find their interests best served with a woman on the Commission. The Federation appointed a committee to investigate and report on the condition of women wage-earners, especially in large cities. The members who are in touch with the authorities in Washington believe there is a fair prospect that they will succeed in getting a woman on the Na ional Labor Commission.