PREFACE. It was a suggestion of my friend Dr. Edward Westermarck that my original essays on primitive music should be revised and amplified so as to form a fairly serviceable treatise on the subject. While engaged in this work I have met with so much assistance and encouragement that I can only quite inadequately acknowledge my deep gratitude to Mrs. Plimmer, Prof. and Mrs. Sully for all the help and advice (scientific and other) they have given me from the beginning of my labours. I have also to express my thanks to Mr. R. H. Legge for his aid in preparing this English version of the work for the press, to Prof. Rhys Davids and Mr. James Sime for giving me the benefit of their knowledge and experience, and to Dr. H. R. Mill for his kind revision of the proof-sheets and for his most valuable suggestions in so many geographical and ethnological details. As to the importance of ethnology for the science of art I need hardly say many words, it being a generally accepted fact. In the present work it has been my aim to deal with the music of savage races only, while the music of ancient civilisation has merely been glanced at whenever it was necessary to indicate the connecting links between the most primitive and the comparatively advanced culture. With regard to technical particulars I may mention that on Dr. Mill's advice the names of savage tribes are spelt according to the new system proposed in 1891 by the London Geographical Society. The mode of quoting adopted in this book is that I refer with l. c. to the book mentioned in the list of authorities at the end of this work. RICHARD WALLASCHEK. LONDON, April, 1893. LIST OF CONTENTS. Bushmen 1, Hottentots 3, Kafirs 4, Bechuana, Damara 5, Makololo 6, Ingese, Bongo 7, Abongo, Makalaka 8, Inenga, Karagwe, China 15, Japan 17, India 18, Nilgiri Hills, Todas 19, Siam 20, Sinhalese 20, Burma, Ostiaks, Samoyeds 22, Mongols, Tartars 3. The Islands of the Indian Archipelago and Pacific Ocean— Andaman Islands, Java 24, Dyaks 25, Celebes, Salayer 26, Philip- pines, Molucca group 27, New Guinea 28, New Britain, Fiji 29, Tonga (Friendly) Islands 31, Samoa 33, Pitcairn 34, Mendana Archip., Sandwich Islands 36. 4. Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand— Songs and dances 37, different kinds of songs 38, musical talent Profession of singers 66, the manner of singing 69, women's singing (women composers and poets) 70, women playing instruments -Prehistoric discoveries 80, material of primitive instruments 83, the most primitive instruments 84, tribes without instruments 87, substitutes of instruments, appreciation of European instru- Humboldt on the "three different uses of reeds" 90, simplicity of the flute 91, nose flutes, occurrence of the flute 92, regular |