The Nature of ReasoningJacqueline P. Leighton, Robert J. Sternberg Cambridge University Press, 2004 - Broj stranica: 470 We are bombarded with information - press releases, television news, Internet websites, and office memos, just to name a few - on a daily basis. However, the important conclusions that may or need to be inferred from such information are typically not provided. We must draw the conclusions by ourselves. How do we draw these conclusions? This book addresses how we reason to reach sensible conclusions. The purpose of this book is to organize in one volume what is known about reasoning, such as its structural prerequisites, its mechanisms, its susceptibility to pragmatic influences, its pitfalls, and the bases for its development. Given that reasoning underlies so many of our intellectual activities - when we learn, criticize, analyze, judge, infer, evaluate, optimize, apply, discover, imagine, devise, and create - we stand to gain a great deal if we can learn to define, operate, apply, and nurture our reasoning. |
Sadržaj
Defining and Describing Reason | 3 |
Reasoning and Brain Function | 12 |
Working Memory and Reasoning | 49 |
The Role of Prior Belief in Reasoning | 78 |
Task Understanding | 103 |
Strategies and Knowledge Representation | 129 |
Mental Models and Reasoning | 169 |
MentalLogic Theory What It Proposes and Reasons to Take This Proposal Seriously | 205 |
Cognitive Heuristics Reasoning the Fast and Frugal Way | 273 |
The Assessment of Logical Reasoning | 291 |
The Development of Deductive Reasoning | 313 |
The Evolution of Reasoning | 339 |
Individual Differences in Thinking Reasoning and Decision Making | 375 |
Teaching Reasoning | 410 |
What do We Know about the Nature of Reasoning? | 443 |
| 456 | |
Ostala izdanja - Prikaži sve
Uobičajeni izrazi i fraze
ability abstract AC AC applied argument behavior Braine Cambridge cards categorical syllogisms central executive chapter chefs are artists Cognitive Science conditional reasoning confirmation bias consider context Cosmides deductive reasoning deontic developmental diagrams domain effect Erlbaum evaluate Evans evidence evolutionary example Experimental Psychology formal Gigerenzer Girotto heuristics human reasoning hypothesis identify individual differences induction inferences interpretation Journal of Experimental Kahneman learning logical reasoning Manktelow Markovits match meaning memory mental logic mental models mental-logic theory model theory modus ponens modus tollens Newstead normative not-q O'Brien Oaksford participants pattern performance phonological loop possible pragmatic predicted presented procedures proof theory propositions Psychological Review quantifiers rationality reasoning tasks recognition heuristic relevant representations role rule schemas selection task shortcuts social spatial specific Stanovich Sternberg strategies studies syllogistic reasoning tion true truth table Tversky University Press valid conclusion visual Wason Wason selection task