The Nature of ReasoningJacqueline P. Leighton, Robert J. Sternberg Cambridge University Press, 2004 - Broj stranica: 470 We are bombarded with information - press releases, television news, Internet websites, and office memos, just to name a few - on a daily basis. However, the important conclusions that may or need to be inferred from such information are typically not provided. We must draw the conclusions by ourselves. How do we draw these conclusions? This book addresses how we reason to reach sensible conclusions. The purpose of this book is to organize in one volume what is known about reasoning, such as its structural prerequisites, its mechanisms, its susceptibility to pragmatic influences, its pitfalls, and the bases for its development. Given that reasoning underlies so many of our intellectual activities - when we learn, criticize, analyze, judge, infer, evaluate, optimize, apply, discover, imagine, devise, and create - we stand to gain a great deal if we can learn to define, operate, apply, and nurture our reasoning. |
Sadržaj
Defining and Describing Reason | 3 |
Reasoning and Brain Function | 12 |
Working Memory and Reasoning | 49 |
The Role of Prior Belief in Reasoning | 78 |
Task Understanding | 103 |
Strategies and Knowledge Representation | 129 |
Mental Models and Reasoning | 169 |
MentalLogic Theory What It Proposes and Reasons to Take This Proposal Seriously | 205 |
Cognitive Heuristics Reasoning the Fast and Frugal Way | 273 |
The Assessment of Logical Reasoning | 291 |
The Development of Deductive Reasoning | 313 |
The Evolution of Reasoning | 339 |
Individual Differences in Thinking Reasoning and Decision Making | 375 |
Teaching Reasoning | 410 |
What do We Know about the Nature of Reasoning? | 443 |
| 456 | |
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ability activity alternative answer applied argument artists behavior beliefs bias Braine Byrne Cambridge cards chapter cognitive conclusion conditional consider consistent construct context correct decision deductive deductive reasoning draw effect evaluate Evans evidence example expected Experimental experiments explanation fact false formal given heuristics human hypothesis identify important indicate individual individual differences inferences intelligence interpretation involved Johnson-Laird Journal knowledge lead learning logic match meaning mechanisms memory mental models natural normative object observation participants pattern performance positive possible predicted premises presented Press probability problem procedures processes propositions Psychology question rationality reasoning relation represent representations response Review role rule schemas Science selection selection task social solving sort spatial specific strategies studies subjects suggests syllogisms syllogistic reasoning task theory thinking true understanding valid
Bibliografski podaci
| Naslov | The Nature of Reasoning The Nature of Reasoning, Jacqueline P. Leighton |
| Urednici | Jacqueline P. Leighton, Robert J. Sternberg |
| Izdanje | ilustrirano |
| Izdavač | Cambridge University Press, 2004 |
| ISBN | 0521009286, 9780521009287 |
| Duljina | Broj stranica: 470 |
| Izvezi navode | BiBTeX EndNote RefMan |