Aurelian. This building, having been burnt down, was replaced at the end of the sixteenth century by the present structure, now a museum, containing, amongst other priceless treasures of art, the most splendid Christian sarcophagi existing, and a perfectly-arranged collection of Christian monumental inscriptions, from the earliest time downwards.
PAGE 10, line 18. It had been supposed that the sources of the most costly marbles were exhausted. This is in itself improbable, inasmuch as in the Alps whole mountains consist of this stone: and quite lately magnificent quarries of Numidian marble, of best quality, have been
P. 14, 1. 20. When the late Sir G. Gilbert Scott had seen the walls of Tusculum and the Palatine, he said they were precisely corresponding to the Treasury of Atreus, at Mycenæ, circ. 800 B.C.
P. 16, 1. 30. The spring in the cave of the Lupercal, which is now no longer accessible to observers, supplies the beautiful cool pellucid water, Acqua Argentina, which joins the Cloaca Maxima at the primitive arch over the latter, on the south-east side, just before the stream enters the Tiber subterraneously.
P. 30, 1. 19. Varro, in Voce Templum, says that the technical meaning of posticus was equivalent to Septentrionalis; and this Saturnian wall stood north-west of the Forum.
P. 35, 1. 4, for "This tower commanded the approach to a gate, and is" read "This tower is."
P. 39, 1. 24. If the Quirinal, when held by the Sabines, was their Capitolium, as the Palatine was the Capitolium of Rome, the usage mentioned on page 21, of thus designating the Arx, wherever it was, which contained the national Templum, is established; afterwards the Arx and shrine within it, common to both nations, became the Capitolium Novum.
P. 41, 1. 6. This is the opinion of Herman Merivale, in his Essay on the subject.
P. 50, 1. 20, for "clasped" read “clamped."
P. 56, 1. 7. Niebuhr, quoted by Dean Milman, vol. i. p. 402, in his edition of Gibbon's "Decline and Fall," says :---"These works, and the buildings of the Capitol, attest with unquestionable evidence that the Rome of the later Kings was the chief city of a great State."
P. 75, last line, for "Hadrian II." read “Hadrian I."
P. 125, 1. 16. Since the revision of this Handbook, new excavations have given reason to suppose that the Curia Hostilia, a name frequently connected with the Senate-house, stood at the back of the Græcostasis, to the north-east rather than north-west of the Temple of Concord, but still connected with it.
P. 127, 1. 21. The latest excavations reveal the dimensions of these Rostra; the straight wall forming the chord is 70 feet long, and the depth of the arc is 30 feet, all of very massive masonry.
P. 130, 1. 1, for “stone" read "façade;" 1. 25, after "tufa" add "or peperino."
P. 142, 1. 13, after "only;" add "and occupying the site of the church standing on the higher level, dedicated to S. Martina."
ÆRARIUM, Treasury, in basement
of Tabularium, of square vaulted
chambers, connected with Tem-
ple of Saturn, 125; steep steps
from, leading to upper storey of
Tabularium, 126.
Alba Longa, reputed parent of Ro-
man colony, tradition of, con-
firmed by similarity and peculi-
arity of ancient wells, 17.
Alban lake, formerly a crater, 2.
Almo river, in valley between Pala-
tine and Aventine, 29; liable to
sudden floods, 33; called also
Aqua Crabra, 37.
Amphitheatrum, of Statilius Taurus,
the first in stone, 150; amphi-
theatres common in chief cities
of Empire, 165; of Pompeii,
had no substructions or nauma-
chia, ib.; largest in Italy, com-
pared with Colosseum, ib.; Am-
phitheatrum Castrense, at the
Sessorium, half included in the
wall of Aurelian, 180.
Anastasia, S., church of, on west-
ern slope of Palatine, over buried
tower of Kings, and shops of
Circus Maximus, 27.
Anio Vetus, second aqueduct, taken
from river Anio above Tivoli,
102; 43 miles long, ib.; water of
inferior quality, ib.; follows Aqua
Marcia below Tivoli, 103; enters
at Porta Maggiore, ib.;
branch along wall of Aurelian to
Prætorian Camp, another branch
at foot of Nero's arcade, ib.
Anio Novus, ninth aqueduct, 62
miles long, liable to impurity,
112; arcade of 109 feet high,
ib.; three dams in each place
forming lochs, built for, in bed
of Anio, 112; runs in open
cutting on left bank of river, 113;
joins Claudian at Ponte Lupo,
ib.; within city, on Neronian
arcade, the two aqueducts in one
channel, ib.; at castellum over
arch of Dolabella, 50 feet high,
114; supplied Claudium and Co-
losseum and Palatine, ib.; car-
ried to Aventine from Cælian by
Trajan, and from Palatine to Ca-
pitoline at high level by Cali-
gula, ib.; ran into all 14 Re-
gions of city, ib.
Apollodorus of Damascus, archi-
tect of Trajan's Forum, 140.
Appius Claudius, constructs Via
Appia, B.C. 312, 88.
Aqua Appia, oldest aqueduct, II
miles long, IOI; underground
except at Porta Capena, ib.;
seen by Frontinus 50 feet deep,
ib.; sources in stone quarries,
ib.; unfiltered and liable to be
choked, ib.; supplies Piscina Pub-
lica, first public bath, under cliff
of Pseudo-Aventine, 117; mouth,
in cave under Aventine, 1ΟΙ.
Aqua Marcia, third aqueduct, 61
miles long, source of, below
Subiaco, 105; on right bank of
Anio to Varia, ib.; below Tivoli
on high bridges, ib.; after Pis-
cinæ on 7 miles of arcade, ib.;
specus of, one of three visible at
Porta Tiburtina, ib.; branch of,
to Cælian, ending in reservoir
above Porta Capena, 106; excel-
lence of its water, ib.; re-intro-
duced by an English company
under Pius IX., 1870, to high
district of city, 115.
Aqua Tepula, fourth aqueduct,
source of, near Via Latina, 106;
intercepted by A. Julia, afterwards
separated, but carried on same
arcade, ib.; smallest channel of
all, and had no branch, 107.
Aqua Julia, fifth aqueduct, 15 miles
long, source of, under Mons Algi-
dus, 107; on same arcade with
A. Marcia and Tepula, ib.; west-
ern branch of, to Cœlian, ib.
Aqua Virgo, sixth aqueduct, 14
miles long, supplied Thermæ of
Agrippa, 108; source of, in re-
servoirs near Collatia, ib.; course
of, traced by respirators, ib. ; en-
ters Rome under Pincian hill, ib.;
branch from, in large pipe through
Via Condotti to Thermæ of Alex-
ander Severus, 109; still supplies
lower city, ib.
Aqua Alsietina, seventh aqueduct,
22 miles long, supplied Nauma-
chia of Augustus, but unfit for
drinking, 109; source of, in Lacus
Alsietinus, ib.; renewed by Tra-
jan and Paul V., as Acqua Paola
still supplies Leonine city, 110.
Aqua Claudia, eighth aqueduct, 46
miles long, III; source, below
Subiaco, 112; ran on right bank
of Anio, and crossed it along with
Aqua Marcia, 113; arcade crosses
that of Marcian, ib.; inscription
on Specus over Porta Maggiore
records work of Claudius, ib.
Aqua Felice, work of Sixtus V.,
partly on arcade of Marcian and
Claudian, 115; branches at Porta
Maggiore to Lateran and Ghetto,
ib.; main channel to Porta S. Lo-
renzo and higher town, ib.
Aquarii, staff of workmen employed
in aqueducts, 96.
Aqueducts, study of, necessary, 94;
an important part of defences of
city on eastern side, ib.; have
been traced to walls, and shewn
on chart, ib.; knowledge of older
aqueducts gained from Frontinus,
95; none constructed till B.c.
312, ib.; list of nine in first cen-
tury, ib.; seven later ones in third
century, ib.; fourteen remaining
in sixth century, ib.; channel of,
or specus in stone cemented, later
on of concrete faced with brick,
96; forms of, pointed, square,
round, ib.; average size of, 5
feet by 21, ib.; filtering-pool
of, or Piscina, at source, and
repeated with Castellum Aquæ,
97; force of current broken by
sharp angles, ib.; ventilated by
shafts, or respirators, ib.; are
carried in tiers, and cross at right
angles, ib.; accumulation of, at
Porta Maggiore, ib.; skilfully
brought round heads of valleys to
Campagna, 98; arcades of, begin
below Tusculum, ib.; pass through
subterranean Piscine above ar-
cades, ib.; height above sea of,
at Porta Maggiore, 99; final re-
servoir of each, or Castellum,
whence distributed through city,
ib.; net-work of channels to inter-
change supplies, ib.; heads of
distribution, 100; water rented
by owners of houses, free to poor,
ib.; calculated volume of, and
daily quantity, ib.; only two of
ancient, now in use, 115; chief
use of, to supply Thermæ, 117.
Arch of Drusus, close to Porta Ap-
pia, carries aqueduct of Caracalla
across road, 88, 121.
Arch of Janus Quadrifrons, in Ve-
labrum, still standing, 18; ap-
proached from Forum by branch
of Via Nova, 83.
Arch of Septimius Severus, in Fo-
rum, on site of that of Tiberius,
127; inscriptions on, with sculp-
tures of Parthian and Persian
wars, 128; name of Geta on,
erased by Caracalla, ib.; in Ve-
labrum erected by guild of silver-
smiths, 137.
Arch of Titus, in valley north-east
of Palatine, where Via Sacra and
Via Nova met together, 84.
Arcosolium, recess in wall of tomb,
with sarcophagus below; grave
of martyrs in catacombs, 150.
Arx, citadel of Rome, cut off from
rest of Palatine by foss, II; the
place of safety for settlers around
it, ib.; fortified on same princi-
ples as other cities in Italy, 12;
usually a hill with sides scarped
into cliffs, ib.; on highest ground,
with town around it also fortified,
ib.; called by Roman writers
Roma Quadrata, ib.; compared
with Tusculum and Varia, 14;
each of Seven Hills had its own
Arx, 42.
Atrium Minervæ, entrance to Forum
of Nerva, on side of Forum Ro-
manum, with effigy of goddess
still standing, 137..
Aurelian, wall of, necessary to
protect Rome in the third cen-
tury, 68; begun by him, 271 ;
finished by Probus, 280 A.D.,
ib.; first complete line of ma-
sonry round city, 69; 50 feet
high, with towers connected by
arcaded corridors, ib.; half-a-mile
of corridor perfect on south side,
70; wholly of brick, but stately
in appearance, ib.; strides over
buildings in its course without de-
stroying them, ibi; towers added
to gateways by Honorius made
fortresses of them, 71; forced by
Goths at Porta Salaria, 409 A. D.,
ib.; restoration of, by Theodoric,
and revenues granted for the pur-
pose, 72; towers at three gates
rebuilt by Theodoric, 72, 73; re-
pairs of, by Belisarius, 537 A.D.,
enable Rome to stand siege by
Goths, ib.; total destruction of,
intended by Goths, hindered by
Belisarius, who repairs wall in 25
days, 74; traces of hasty repairs
near south-east corner of city, ib.;
gates of, barred by portcullis
added to door on hinges, 75;
penetrated by Lombards in eighth
century, ib.; restored by Pope
Hadrian I. and Leo IV., 75, 76;
survey of, by Swiss ecclesiastic,
when perfect, in ninth century,
77; enumeration of towers, battle-
ments, &c., 78; list of gates in,
in Procopius and Itinerary, com-
pared with modern, 78, 79.
Belisarius, general of Justinian, oc-
cupies palace on Pincian, 61;
forces Goths to evacuate Rome,
73; stands prolonged siege, ib.;
repairs wall, and stands second
siege, 74; hasty work of, trace-
able in Aurelian's wall, 75.
Bibliotheca, of Trajan, attached to
temple in his Forum, 139; of
Augustus, called Palatina, and of
Tiberius, attached to his palace
on Palatine, 169.
Bibulus, tomb of, remaining, stood
just outside Porta Ratumena, at
issue of Via Flaminia from second
wall of Kings, 86.
Campus Martius, level plain on
bank of Tiber, north of Capitol,
often flooded, 24; not part of
town anciently, 60; without Po-
mærium, but occupied with pub-
lic buildings and grounds, 61.
Capitolium, signified keep of city,
whether on Palatine or Saturnian
Mount, 20; properly applied to
small temple in every arx, 21.
Castra, Prætoria, of Tiberius' time,
fine example of brickwork, 7;
square projection from line of de-
fence on old earthwork, 64; dis-
mantled after mutiny of guards
under Constantine, ib.; scldiers'
barracks, 19 of, supplied by
aqueducts, 100; Misenatium,
quarters of seamen employed on
awning of Colosseum, 164.
Catabolum, den for wild beasts
under Podium of Colosseum; Ca-
tabolici, attendants on dens, 161.
Catacombs, burial-places sometimes
made in galleries of worked-out
quarries of pozzolana sand, 3.
C. Cestius, pyramid as monument
of, near Ostian gate, engaged in
Aurelian's wall, 70.
Cicero, describes journey to Modena
by three routes, 86; second Phi-
lippic of, spoken in Temple of
Concord, 125.
Cippus, name of boundary-stones
marking out Pomerium, n. 66: 66; of
mile-stones, or Milliaria, along
great roads, 93; of record con-
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