PLATE XXIX.

ROMA QUADRATA.

I. A CAVE-RESERVOIR of rain-water, near the north-west corner, with two wells descending into it from the summit of the hill, the lower part of each of which is a hollow

cone.

II. Another cave-reservoir at Alba Longa, also with a similar well descending into it. This cave is on the bank of the lake of Albano, and close to the small monastery called Palazzuolo. An open aqueduct conveys water to it, of which there are considerable remains by the side of the road.

III. Remains of Walls of the Kings at the east end of the Capitoline Hill. These remains were brought to light by the excavations of 1878 (?); they had previously been concealed in the cellars of the monastery of Ara Cæli. Part of them had evidently been the original fortifications of that end of the hill; they stood partly against the cliff, and in part upon a great bed of clay, as shewn in this view, taken from a photograph.

PLATE XXX.

PART OF THE WALL OF SERVIUS TULLIUS.

THIS is now (in 1882) the most perfect part that remains visible, and one of the results obtained by the enormous excavations made by the Italian Government for the purpose of bringing to light the true history of the city of Rome. This piece of the great inner wall joined on to the Porta Viminalis, of which the foundations only remain. This fine piece of the old wall had been buried for centuries under a great mound of earth, on the summit of which was a statue of Roma, in a sitting attitude. This mound bore the name of MONS JUSTITIÆ, and this appears to have been the mediæval name for it. There was a custom at a certain period of having open-air courts of justice held upon hills, of which we have remains in several places in England; possibly this may have been the case in the present instance, and may account for the name.

The drawing of the piece of wall engraved in this plate is taken as a bird's-eye view, to make it more clear and distinct.

A. A. A. Remains of the great wall and RAMPART OF SERVIUS TULLIUS.

B. B. B. Remains of buildings of a later period erected against the rampart.

C. PART OF THE GREAT Foss, 100 feet wide and 30 feet. deep.

D. Respirator of an aqueduct, here subterranean, the Aqua Marcia.

PLATE XXXI.

REMAINS OF THE PORTA VIMINALIS.

In this view the pavement of the road is also seen; the gate is in the inner wall of Servius Tullius. In this part of Rome the outer wall or Rampart of Tarquinius II. also remains, at about half-a-mile from that of Servius Tullius. The wall of Aurelian in this part is built up against the outer side of the Rampart of Tarquinius II., as is shewn in Plate XII.

A. Continuation of the Rampart shewn in Plate XXX. E. Remains of one of the jambs of the Porta Viminalis. F. Remains of an external defence of the Porta Viminalis, called a barbican.

G. G. Remains of the pavement of the road that passed through the Porta Viminalis within the gate in the inner wall of Servius Tullius.

H. Remains of the pavement outside of that gate, leading to the gate of the same name in the outer wall of Tarquin II. (now called Porta di S. Lorenzo).

I. Remains of the pavement of a branch-road leading to the Porta Viminalis from the Porta Maggiore.

K. Stones, of travertine, that have formed the arch of the Porta Viminalis.

L. Ruins of the medieval aqueduct called Felice.

M. M. Remains of the great earthen rampart, or agger,