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V. AGGER OR RAMPART, AND WALL OF SERVIUS TULLIUS.

50

VI. PLAN OF THE HORN-WORK AT THE NORTH END OF THIS RAMPART. PLATE XII.

I. PART OF THE OUTER WALL OF ROME AND RAMPART OF TARQUINIUS II.

THIS was left unfinished in consequence of the successful rebellion under Brutus, which ended in the Republic. This part is between the Prætorian Camp and the Porta Tiburtina, with part of the wall of Aurelian built against it, and sometimes upon it, but no corridor within it, as in other parts where there is no rampart. (See p. 57.)

II. SECTION OF THE WALL AND RAMPART.

THIS is the only part of the rampart of Tarquinius the Second that remains sufficiently perfect to be understood by ordinary readers; it can be traced by experienced eyes in many parts, especially between the Sessorium (now S. Croce) and the Prætorian Camp. Between the Prætorian Camp and the Pincian Hill there is a gap of more than a mile in length in which there is no rampart, this is now chiefly in the gardens of the Villa Ludovisi; in that part the wall of Aurelian is on the level ground, and has the corridor for the sentinel's path within the wall quite perfect, and the towers on the exterior nearly so; but this wall without the rampart did not prove a sufficient defence, and this is the weak point at which Rome has always been taken.

a. Level of the Rampart within the Walls.

b. Section of the Rampart.

d. Wall of Tarquinius II.

of the wall.

cc. Wall of Aurelian.

e. Modern road outside

f. Vineyard made in the old outer foss.

gg. Section of the Wall of Tarquinius II.

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I. PART OF THE OUTER WALL OF ROME OF TARQUINIUS II., BETWEEN THE PRÆTORIAN CAMP AND THE PORTA TIBURTINA.

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II. SECTION OF THE SAME PART OF THE WALL AND RAMPART.

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PLATE XIII.

I. PORTA MAGGIORE.

THIS is the principal gate of Rome on the eastern side, on the high table-land from which the seven hills are in reality great promontories in the valley of the Tiber. The deep and rapid stream of the Tiber was a sufficient defence on the western side, especially where the bank was supported by the massive wall called the Pulchrum Littus. At this great gate several roads met, and it was called by various names, according to whether persons were going from Rome or entering into it. This was the entrance through the outer wall not into THE CITY, but into the pomarium only, in part of which the great burial-ground of the time of the Kings and of the Republic was made. The gate was called Esquilina, as the entrance into the Exquiliæ;-Prænestina, by those coming from Preneste (see p. 70);-Labicana, by those coming from Labicum; and Sessoriana, because it entered into one corner of the great garden of the Sessorian Palace.

II. PORTA ASINARIA.

THIS gate is on the southern side, near the east end, and between the old Lateran Palace of Aulus Plautius Lateranus, of the time of Nero, and the Sessorian Palace of the Kings, originally a detached fort, in which S. Helena, the mother of Constantine, resided for many years, and where she built the church of S. Croce in Gerusalemme, so called because she had brought earth from Jerusalem to be laid in the foundations, and under the altar had placed a piece of what she believed to be the true cross on which Christ was crucified. The gate led direct to the villa of the Asinii, between the Lateran and the Sessorium.

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