THE LESSON OF ALL.

75

Science ought to cement into close union the Theologian and the Scientific man, instead of, as now, too often dividing them. What do I know? what do I hope? and what reasonably believe? are widely different questions. But they are correlative one of the other, and together make the sum of that portion of human experience by which man strives to work his way in the labyrinth of his present state.

Though we are not in this place unconscious of these things, it is not our special work to harmonize them. The comprehensiveness of Harvey's character, and the crucial instance of the Positivist leader, have drawn us into the discussion of them. Our ordinary duty, however, is clear enough. It is the duty well discharged by such as Kirkes and Baly, among those that are recently gone; by many yet living; and will be, we hope, by many more yet to come, under the increasing advantages of education, and the great opportunities of this Metropolis. It is the duty of precise and accurate observation of the structure of man in health and in disease, tested and examined with all the

76 PATHOLOGY ADVANCED BY PHYSIOLOGY.

means supplied by an age of unprecedented research and industry, and a time of unexampled material reward from the "Vera indagatio Naturæ." The study of Physics, Chemistry, and the Microscope, draw on the Healing Art each day step by step more near to an Accurate Science, where facts are fully proved, where argumentation is rightly used, where loose opinions are discarded, and where every error, so far as may be, is guarded against.

It is not too much to express the hope that we, on the one hand, are doing all that in us lies to possess ourselves of these accurate powers; and on the other, that the public will become so instructed in the principles of Science as to be able to appreciate the immense progress that has already been made in the cultivation of sound and scientific medicine, and to estimate justly the great acquirements now expected of our younger well-trained men!

APPENDIX.

NOTE A, to p. 10.

"If we consider microscopical observations, for instance, and perceive very numerous species of animals in a single drop of water, robbers accoutred with instruments of destruction, and which, whilst intent on persecuting others, are overwhelmed by still more powerful tyrants of this aqueous world; when we see the enmity and strife, the power, and the scene of rebellion in a single globule of matter, and look up in a clear night and behold the immense space filled with worlds which appear like particles of dust; no human language has words to express the feeling which such an intuition excites, and all subtile metaphysical dissections yield to it very much in point of grandeur and sublimity."-Kant's Metaphysical Works, translated by J. Richardson, pp. 134-136.

NOTE B, to p. 13.

"As to the manner of demonstrating the first, I shall, without entering into deep speculations, like some philosophers, seriously intreat every one, that with a composed mind, and divesting himself of his passions and prejudices, he would silently set down and seriously consider, First, in case he should see that

1. Not one, but a great many,

2. And various or different

3. Things entirely ignorant, or unknowing of all, and even of themselves too :

4. Each of them frequently after a particular manner 5. However always unchangeably, and observing the same rule;

6. Do act and move not once, but upon many occasions

and times.

7. And not one of all them able to impart such motion to itself;

8. Nor unless they thus come together of themselves, can produce one single effect without their own knowledge :

9. In the production of which effect or thing, if some few circumstances only, or oftentimes but one single one were wanting, it could not either be produced at all, or at least not in its due perfection;

10. Although that same effect should in itself be of great use and service, and sometimes of the utmost importance.

Could he imagine otherwise than that all these things are formed to that end, and brought together with that design, to work such an effect as we observe to be produced by them?

And, Secondly,

Supposing this first to be true, since these things are in themselves ignorant and unknowing of all that passes; whether everybody must not agree, that they are all produced, and made to concur by a wise and understanding agent, who had such an end and design in his view? And whether any one can persuade himself that mere chance, and unknowing laws of nature or other causes ignorantly cooperating, could have place therein, and could have directed and governed these things in all their circumstances and motions for such a purpose?

That this may be shewn after a more plain and not less certain manner, let us apply to some particular thing what has been just now advanced in general, and as it were in an abstracted manner; and let us suppose that in the middle of a sandy down, or in a desert and solitary place, where few people are used to pass, any one should find a watch, shewing the hours, minutes, and days of the months, and having examined the same, should perceive so many different wheels, nicely adapted by their teeth to each other, and that one of them could not move without moving the rest of the whole machine; and should farther observe that those wheels are made of brass in order to keep them from rust; that the spring is of steel, no other metal being so proper for that purpose; that over the hand there is placed a clear glass; in the space of which if there were any other but a transparent matter, he must be at the pains of opening it every time to look upon the hand besides all which, he might discover in it a hole, and exactly opposite thereto a little square pin: he would likewise see hanging to this same watch a little key composed of two pieces, making a right angle together; at the end of each of which there was a square hole so ordered that one of them was exactly adapted to the little pin in the said hole, which being applied thereto a chain would be wound up, and a spring bent, by which means the machine would be continued in motion, which otherwise would be in an entire rest: he might also find that the other square cavity, at the end of the little key, was adapted to another pin or instrument, which being turned this way or that, makes the hand move faster or slower. At the other end of this little key there would be a flat handle, which being moveable therein, might give him the conveniency that in the winding it up he should

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